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Shloka 40

अव्यक्तकालमान-निर्णयः

Measures of Time from the Unmanifest; Creation, Elements, and the Primacy of Mind

हंस उवाच अज्ञानेनावृतो लोको मात्सर्यान्न प्रकाशते | लोभात्‌ त्यजति मित्राणि संगात्‌ स्वर्ग न गच्छति,हंसने कहा--देवताओ! अज्ञानने इस लोकको आवृत कर रक्‍्खा है। आपसमें डाह होनेके कारण इसका स्वरूप प्रकाशित नहीं होता। मनुष्य लोभसे मित्रोंका त्याग करता है और आसक्तिदोषके कारण वह स्वर्गमें नहीं जाने पाता

haṃsa uvāca ajñānenāvṛto loko mātsaryān na prakāśate | lobhāt tyajati mitrāṇi saṅgāt svargaṃ na gacchati ||

Haṃsa berkata: “Dunia ini terselubung oleh ketidaktahuan; karena iri dengki, hakikatnya tidak memancar. Karena loba, seseorang meninggalkan sahabat; dan karena keterikatan, ia gagal mencapai surga.”

हंसःthe swan (Haṃsa)
हंसः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहंस
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
अज्ञानेनby ignorance
अज्ञानेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअज्ञान
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
आवृतःcovered, enveloped
आवृतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootआवृत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Past Passive Participle, वृ (आ-√वृ)
लोकःthe world/people
लोकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मात्सर्यात्from envy
मात्सर्यात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootमात्सर्य
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्रकाशतेshines forth, becomes manifest
प्रकाशते:
TypeVerb
Rootकाश् (प्र-)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
लोभात्from greed
लोभात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootलोभ
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
त्यजतिabandons
त्यजति:
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
मित्राणिfriends
मित्राणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
संगात्from attachment/association
संगात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootसंग
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
स्वर्गम्heaven
स्वर्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्ग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गच्छतिgoes, attains
गच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

हंस उवाच

H
Haṃsa (the Swan, speaker)
L
loka (the world/people)
S
svarga (heaven)

Educational Q&A

Ignorance veils discernment; envy prevents clarity, greed destroys friendship, and attachment obstructs higher attainment (svarga). The verse urges inner purification—freedom from envy, greed, and clinging—as a basis for dharmic life and spiritual progress.

In Śānti Parva’s didactic setting, the Haṃsa delivers a moral instruction, diagnosing common inner faults (ignorance, envy, greed, attachment) and stating their consequences for social bonds and posthumous destiny.