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Shloka 5

Jājali–Tulādhāra-saṃvāda: Yajña, Vṛtti, and Ātma-tīrtha (जाजलि-तुलाधार-संवादः)

इमे मृता नृपतय: प्रायशो भीमविक्रमा: । तत्र मे संशयो जात: कुतः संज्ञा मृता इति,ये जो नरेश मृत्युको प्राप्त हो गये हैं, इनमें बहुत-से भयानक पराक्रमसे सम्पन्न हैं। यहाँ मेरे मनमें यह संदेह होता है कि इन्हें मृत नाम कैसे दिया गया? किसकी मृत्यु होती है? किससे मृत्यु होती है? और किस कारणसे मृत्यु यहाँ समस्त प्राणियोंका अपहरण करती है? देवतुल्य पितामह! मुझे यह सब बतानेकी कृपा करें

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | ime mṛtā nṛpatayaḥ prāyaśo bhīmavikramāḥ | tatra me saṃśayo jātaḥ kutaḥ saṃjñā mṛtā iti | kasya mṛtyur bhavati? kasmān mṛtyur bhavati? kasmāt kāraṇān mṛtyur iha sarvaprāṇinām apaharaṇaṃ karoti? devatulyā pitāmaha! etat sarvaṃ me vaktum arhasi ||

Raja-raja ini telah wafat—kebanyakan dari mereka memiliki keberanian yang menggetarkan. Namun timbul keraguan dalam diriku: mengapa mereka disebut ‘mati’? Milik siapakah ‘kematian’ itu? Dari mana kematian berasal? Karena sebab apa kematian di sini merenggut napas semua makhluk? Wahai Kakek Agung yang setara para dewa, mohon jelaskan semuanya kepadaku.

इमेthese
इमे:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मृताःdead
मृताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमृत (√मृ)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नृपतयःkings
नृपतयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनृपति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रायशःfor the most part / generally
प्रायशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रायशः
भीम-विक्रमाःof terrible valor
भीम-विक्रमाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभीमविक्रम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तत्रthere / in that matter
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
मेof me / my
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
संशयःdoubt
संशयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जातःarisen
जातः:
TypeAdjective
Rootजात (√जन्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कुतःwhence? / how?
कुतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकुतः
संज्ञाdesignation / name
संज्ञा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंज्ञा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
मृताdead
मृता:
TypeAdjective
Rootमृत (√मृ)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhīṣma (Pitāmaha)
N
nṛpatayaḥ (kings)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharmic-philosophical inquiry into mortality: even the mighty fall, so one must understand what ‘death’ truly signifies—its locus (whose), its source (from what), and its universal power over embodied beings. It prepares the ground for Bhīṣma’s instruction on the nature of life, impermanence, and right understanding after catastrophic war.

In the aftermath of the Kurukṣetra war, Yudhiṣṭhira, troubled by the death of many powerful kings, turns to the godlike grandsire Bhīṣma for clarification. He asks why they are called ‘dead’ and seeks an explanation of death’s nature and cause, initiating a reflective teaching sequence in the Śānti Parva.