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Shloka 20

Adhyāya 249 — Mṛtyu-prādurbhāvaḥ (The Manifestation of Death) / Restraint of Tejas and Ordered Saṃhāra

आत्मनो व्यापिनो ज्ञानमिदं पुत्रानुशासनम्‌ | प्रयताय प्रवक्तव्यं हितायानुगताय च

ātmano vyāpino jñānam idaṃ putrānuśāsanam | prayatāya pravaktavyaṃ hitāyānugatāya ca ||

Anakku, ajaran ini dimaksudkan untuk membangkitkan pengetahuan tentang Sang Diri yang meliputi segalanya. Ia patut dijelaskan hanya kepada orang yang berdisiplin dan penuh perhatian, yang berniat demi kebaikan, serta setia mengikuti dengan bhakti—agar ia menjadi tuntunan yang benar-benar membawa manfaat, bukan sekadar kata-kata.

आत्मनःof the Self
आत्मनः:
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
व्यापिनःall-pervading
व्यापिनः:
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यापिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
ज्ञानम्knowledge
ज्ञानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पुत्रO son
पुत्र:
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
अनुशासनम्instruction, teaching
अनुशासनम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअनुशासन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
प्रयतायto/for the disciplined (self-controlled) person
प्रयताय:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रयत
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
प्रवक्तव्यम्should be spoken/expounded
प्रवक्तव्यम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormGerundive (तव्यत्), Neuter, Nominative, Singular, Passive-necessitative
हितायfor (his) welfare
हिताय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootहित
FormNeuter, Dative, Singular
अनुगतायto/for the devoted follower (obedient one)
अनुगताय:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुगत
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
S
son (putra, addressed listener)

Educational Q&A

The verse sets a rule of eligibility (adhikāra) for transmitting Self-knowledge: instruction about the all-pervading ātman should be given only to a disciplined, well-intentioned, and devoted follower, so that the teaching is received properly and used for welfare.

Vyāsa, in the didactic setting of the Śānti Parva, frames a spiritual instruction as a ‘son’s guidance’ and cautions that such knowledge should be communicated selectively—only to a prepared and faithful listener.