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Shloka 4

महाभूत–इन्द्रिय–मनस्–बुद्धि–अन्तरात्मा विवेकः | Discrimination of Elements, Senses, Mind, Intellect, and Inner Self

व्यास उवाच गृहस्थस्तु यदा पश्येद्‌ वलीपलितमात्मन: । अपत्यस्यैव चापत्यं वनमेव तदा श्रयेत्‌,व्यासजी बोले--बेटा! गृहस्थ पुरुष जब अपने सिरके बाल सफेद दिखायी दें, शरीरमें झुर्रियाँ पड़ जायूँ और पुत्रको भी पुत्रकी प्राप्ति हो जाय तो अपनी आयुका तीसरा भाग व्यतीत करनेके लिये वनमें जाय और वानप्रस्थ-आश्रममें रहे। वह वानप्रस्थ-आश्रममें भी उन्हीं अग्नियोंका सेवन करे, जिनकी गृहस्थाश्रममें उपासना करता था। साथ ही वह प्रतिदिन देवाराधन भी करता रहे

vyāsa uvāca | gṛhasthas tu yadā paśyed valīpalitam ātmanaḥ | apatyasyaiva cāpatyaṃ vanam eva tadā śrayet ||

Vyāsa berkata: “Wahai anakku! Ketika seorang kepala rumah tangga melihat pada dirinya tanda-tanda usia—keriput dan rambut memutih—dan ketika anaknya pun telah memperoleh anak, maka hendaklah ia berlindung pada hutan; saat itulah ia memasuki tahap vānaprastha.”

व्यासःVyasa
व्यासः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्यास
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular
गृहस्थःa householder
गृहस्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगृहस्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
यदाwhen
यदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
पश्येत्should see
पश्येत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपश्
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular
वलीwrinkle
वली:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवली
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
पलितम्grayness/gray hair
पलितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपलित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आत्मनःof himself
आत्मनः:
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अपत्यस्यof (his) child
अपत्यस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootअपत्य
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपत्यम्offspring (a child)
अपत्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअपत्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वनम्the forest
वनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एवonly/indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
श्रयेत्should resort to/should take refuge in
श्रयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रि
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyasa
H
householder (gṛhastha)
F
forest (vana)
O
offspring/lineage (apatya)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches the dharmic timing of life-stage transition: after fulfilling household responsibilities and ensuring continuity of the family line (one’s child has a child), and upon seeing signs of aging, a person should shift from gṛhastha life to vānaprastha—reducing worldly entanglements and increasing austerity and spiritual discipline.

Vyāsa is instructing on āśrama-dharma within the Śānti Parva’s broader discourse on righteous living. He describes the practical marker for leaving active household life—old age and secured lineage—and prescribes taking to the forest as the appropriate next mode of life.