Shloka 23
Śakra–Namuci-saṃvāda: Śoka-nivāraṇa and Daiva-vicāra
Indra and Namuci on grief, composure, and inevitability
कर्णो शब्दक्ष॒ चित्तं च त्रयः श्रवणसंग्रहे । तथा स्पर्शे तथा रूपे तथैव रसगन्धयो:
karṇo śabdaś ca cittaṃ ca trayaḥ śravaṇa-saṅgrahe | tathā sparśe tathā rūpe tathaiva rasa-gandhayoḥ ||
Dalam mendengar, terjadi pertemuan tiga hal: telinga, bunyi, dan batin (citta). Demikian pula dalam pengalaman sentuhan, rupa, rasa, dan bau, persepsi lahir hanya bila indra, objek, dan pikiran bertemu.
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Perception is produced only when three factors unite: the sense-organ, the sense-object, and the mind (citta). Therefore, ethical discipline must include governance of attention and mind, not only external restraint.
In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma and inner discipline, Bhishma is teaching principles of how experience arises through the senses, using hearing as the model and extending the same logic to touch, sight, taste, and smell.