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Shloka 47

Adhyāya 166: Kṛtaghna-doṣa (कृतघ्नदोषः) — the fault of ingratitude and the limits of expiation

सुरापो वारुणीमुष्णां पीत्वा पापाद्‌ विमुच्यते,मदिरा पीनेवाला पुरुष यदि मदिराको खूब गरम करके पी ले तो पापसे छुटकारा पा जाता है, अथवा उससे शरीर जल जानेके कारण उसकी मृत्यु हो जाय तो वह शुद्ध हो जाता है। इस प्रकार शुद्ध हो जानेपर ही वह ब्राह्मण शुद्ध लोकोंको प्राप्त कर सकता है, अन्यथा नहीं

bhīṣma uvāca | surāpo vāruṇīm uṣṇāṃ pītvā pāpād vimucyate |

Bhīṣma berkata: Seseorang yang bersalah karena meminum minuman keras dikatakan terbebas dari dosa dengan meminum vāruṇī yang dipanaskan hingga sangat panas. Maksudnya, penderitaan tubuh yang berat—bahkan kematian karena terbakar—dipandang sebagai penebusan; hanya setelah penyucian demikian ia layak mencapai dunia-dunia yang suci, tidak selain itu.

सुरापःa drinker of liquor
सुरापः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुराप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वारुणीम्Varuṇī (a kind of liquor)
वारुणीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवारुणी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
उष्णाम्hot, heated
उष्णाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउष्ण
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
पीत्वाhaving drunk
पीत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootपा (पिबति)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
पापात्from sin
पापात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
विमुच्यतेis released, is freed
विमुच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + मुच्
FormPresent (Lat), Passive (Karmani), Third, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
V
vāruṇī (intoxicant)
S
surā (liquor)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents a harsh prāyaścitta (expiation) for the sin of drinking liquor: intense physical suffering (symbolized by drinking scalding vāruṇī, even to the point of death) is portrayed as a means of purification, after which one becomes eligible for ‘pure worlds’; without expiation, one is not.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhishma is teaching Yudhiṣṭhira about rules of conduct and expiations. Here he cites a specific expiatory rule concerning the liquor-drinker and the conditions under which purification is considered complete.