Shloka 39

Adhyāya 166: Kṛtaghna-doṣa (कृतघ्नदोषः) — the fault of ingratitude and the limits of expiation

Devanagari script

अन्न वीर्य ग्रहीतव्यं प्रेतकर्मण्यपातिते । त्रिषु त्वेतेषु पूर्वेषु न कुर्वीत विचारणाम्‌,पूर्वोक्त (शराबी, ब्रह्महत्यारा और गुरुपत्नीगामी) तीन पापियोंके मरनेपर उनकी दाहादिक क्रिया किये बिना ही कुटुम्बीजनोंको उनके अन्न और धनपर अधिकार कर लेना चाहिये। इसमें कुछ अन्यथा विचार करनेकी आवश्यकता नहीं है

Transliteration

anna vīrya grahītavyaṃ pretakarmaṇy apātite | triṣu tv eteṣu pūrveṣu na kurvīta vicāraṇām |

Translation

Sekalipun upacara kematian (preta-karman) belum dilaksanakan, keluarga tetap harus mengambil alih persediaan pangan dan harta peninggalan si mati. Dan dalam hal tiga pendosa yang telah disebut—pemabuk, pembunuh brāhmaṇa, dan pelanggar istri guru—jangan ada pertimbangan lebih lanjut mengenai perkara ini.

Word by Word

• {'anna': 'food, grain

• sustenance', 'vīrya': 'strength

• here used in the sense of wealth/resources (often paired with anna as means of livelihood)', 'grahītavyam': 'should be taken/appropriated

• ought to be accepted as one’s due', 'pretakarmaṇi': 'in the rites for the departed (funerary/obsequial rites)', 'apātite': 'not performed

• not carried out', 'triṣu': 'in/among three', 'eteṣu': 'among these', 'pūrveṣu': 'previously mentioned

• earlier stated', 'na kurvīta': 'one should not do', 'vicāraṇām': 'deliberation, reconsideration, doubt', 'śarābī': 'drunkard (habitual drinker of intoxicants)', 'brahmahatyāra': 'slayer of a Brahmin

• perpetrator of brahma-hatyā', 'gurupatnīgāmī': 'one who has relations with the guru’s wife

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• family members (kuṭumbinaḥ/kuṭumbijana)
• the deceased (preta)
• the drunkard (śarābī)
• the slayer of a Brahmin (brahmahatyāra)
• the violator of the guru’s wife (gurupatnīgāmī)
• funerary rites (pretakarma)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

For certain grave sinners previously listed (drunkard, Brahmin-slayer, and violator of the guru’s wife), normal post-death considerations are curtailed: even if funerary rites are not performed, the household may take over the deceased’s provisions and wealth, and one should not hesitate or reopen the question.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Shanti Parva’s dharma instruction, Bhishma is laying down a rule about how a family should act when a person of extreme sin dies—specifically regarding whether to perform obsequial rites and how to handle the deceased’s property and sustenance.