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Shloka 45

Dasyu-maryādā and Buddhi-guided Rāja-nīti (दस्युमर्यादा तथा बुद्धिप्रधान-राजनीति)

न वित्तेन न पारुष्यैर्न सान्त्वेन न च श्रुतै: । कोपाग्नि: शाम्यते राज॑स्तोयाग्निरिव सागरे,राजन्‌! जिस प्रकार बडवानल समुद्रमें किसी तरह शान्त नहीं होता, उसी प्रकार क्रोधाग्नि भी न धनसे, न कठोरता दिखानेसे, न मीठे वचनों द्वारा समझाने-बुझानेसे और न शास्त्रज्ञानसे ही शान्त होती है

brahmadatta uvāca |

na vittena na pāruṣyair na sāntvena na ca śrutaiḥ |

kopa-agniḥ śāmyate rājan toyāgnir iva sāgare ||

Wahai Raja, sebagaimana api bāḍavānala di dalam samudra tak juga padam oleh airnya, demikian pula api amarah tidak reda oleh harta, tidak oleh kekerasan, tidak oleh bujukan yang manis, bahkan tidak pula oleh pengetahuan kitab suci.

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वित्तेनby wealth
वित्तेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवित्त
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
nor
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पारुष्यैःby harshness/rough words
पारुष्यैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपारुष्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
nor
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सान्त्वेनby conciliation/soothing
सान्त्वेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसान्त्व
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
nor
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
श्रुतैःby learning/scriptural knowledge
श्रुतैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootश्रुत
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
कोपाग्निःthe fire of anger
कोपाग्निः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकोपाग्नि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शाम्यतेis pacified/ceases
शाम्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootशम्
FormLat, Atmanepada, Third, Singular, Present
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तोयाग्निःthe submarine fire (water-fire)
तोयाग्निः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतोयाग्नि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike/as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
सागरेin the ocean
सागरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसागर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular

ब्रह्मदत्त उवाच

B
Brahmadatta
R
Rājan (the King, addressee)
S
Sāgara (ocean/sea)
T
Toyāgni / Bāḍavānala (submarine fire)

Educational Q&A

Anger is portrayed as a self-sustaining inner fire that does not subside through external fixes—wealth, intimidation, sweet talk, or even mere learning. The implied counsel is to cultivate inner restraint and uproot anger’s causes rather than relying on situational tactics.

In a didactic exchange within Śānti Parva, Brahmadatta addresses a king and uses the famous image of the submarine fire in the ocean to emphasize how difficult it is to pacify anger once it flares, thereby instructing the ruler on the necessity of self-mastery.