Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 13

Sandhi–Vigraha in Āpada: The Mouse and the Cat (सन्धिविग्रहापदि—मूषकमार्जारसंवादः)

कायव्य उवाच मा वधीस्त्व॑ स्त्रियं भीरुं मा शिशु मा तपस्विनम्‌ । नायुद्धयमानो हन्तव्यो न च ग्राह्मा बलात्‌ स्त्रिय:,कायव्यने कहा--प्रिय बन्धुओ! तुम कभी स्त्री, डरपोक, बालक और तपस्वीकी हत्या न करना। जो तुमसे युद्ध न कर रहा हो, उसका भी वध न करना। स्त्रियोंको कभी बलपूर्वक न पकड़ना

kāyavya uvāca mā vadhīstva striyaṃ bhīruṃ mā śiśu mā tapasvinam | nāyuddhayamāno hantavyo na ca grāhyā balāt striyaḥ ||

Kāyavya berkata: “Jangan bunuh perempuan, pengecut, anak kecil, atau pertapa. Orang yang tidak memerangi kalian tidak boleh dibunuh; dan perempuan jangan pernah direnggut dengan paksa.”

कायव्यःKāyavya (proper name)
कायव्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकायव्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
माdo not
मा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा
वधीःkill
वधीः:
TypeVerb
Rootवध्
FormAorist (injunctive/imperative sense with मा), Second, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
स्त्रियम्a woman
स्त्रियम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
भीरुम्a timid (woman)
भीरुम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootभीरु
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
माdo not
मा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा
शिशुम्a child
शिशुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशिशु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
माdo not
मा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा
तपस्विनम्an ascetic
तपस्विनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्विन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अयुद्धयमानःone who is not fighting
अयुद्धयमानः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअयुद्धयमान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हन्तव्यःto be killed / fit to be killed
हन्तव्यः:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
nor / not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ग्राह्याto be seized / should be seized
ग्राह्या:
TypeVerb
Rootग्रह्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
बलात्by force
बलात्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबल
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
स्त्रियःwomen
स्त्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural

कायव्य उवाच

K
Kāyavya
W
women (striyaḥ)
C
coward/fearful person (bhīru)
C
child (śiśu)
A
ascetic (tapasvin)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches restraint as a key element of dharma: do not harm protected persons (women, children, ascetics, the fearful) and do not kill those who are not actively fighting; it also forbids forcibly seizing women.

In the Śānti Parva’s ethical instruction, Kāyavya lays down conduct-rules associated with righteous behavior, especially in contexts of conflict—distinguishing combatants from non-combatants and emphasizing protection of the vulnerable.