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Shloka 18

आशा-कृशता उपाख्यानम्

The Episode on the Emaciation Caused by Hope

तब शत्रुसूदन नरेशने एक बड़ा भयंकर तीखा बाण हाथमें लिया, जो मर्मस्थलोंको विदीर्ण कर देनेवाला था। उस श्रेष्ठ बाणको उन्होंने धनुषपर रखा ।।

tato gavyūtimātreṇa mṛgayūthapayūthapaḥ | tasya bāṇapathaṃ muktvā tasthivān prahasann iva ||

Maka sang raja, penakluk musuh, mengambil sebuah anak panah besar yang mengerikan, tajam, dan mampu merobek titik-titik vital; ia pun memasang anak panah unggul itu pada busurnya. Melihat hal itu, pemimpin kawanan rusa hanya bergeser sejauh satu gavyūti, lolos dari lintasan tembakan sang raja, lalu mencapai jarak dua krośa dan berdiri di sana seakan-akan tertawa.

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
गव्यूतिमात्रेणby/for a distance of (only) one gavyūti
गव्यूतिमात्रेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगव्यूतिमात्र
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
मृगयूथपleader of the herd of deer
मृगयूथप:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमृगयूथप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यूथपःherd-leader
यूथपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयूथप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तस्यof him / his
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
बाणपथम्the path/trajectory of the arrow
बाणपथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबाणपथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मुक्त्वाhaving left/avoided
मुक्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootमुच्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
तस्थिवान्stood (having stood)
तस्थिवान्:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
Formक्तवतु (past active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रहसन्laughing
प्रहसन्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-हस्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
इवas if, like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma (speaker)
K
king (nareśa, implied in context)
L
leader of the deer herd (mṛgayūthapayūthapaḥ)
A
arrow (bāṇa)
A
arrow’s path/trajectory (bāṇapatha)

Educational Q&A

Power and aggression alone do not guarantee success; alertness, timely movement, and intelligent avoidance can neutralize even a strong attacker. The episode uses hunting imagery to suggest that effective action must be guided by discernment rather than mere force.

As the king prepares to shoot, the leader of the deer herd quickly shifts out of the arrow’s line of flight, moves about a gavyūti away, and stands as if mocking—showing the king’s shot has been effectively evaded.