Shloka 31
Daṇḍotpatti-kathana (Origin and Function of Daṇḍa) — वसुहोम–मान्धातृ संवाद
तीक्ष्णता मृदुता मृत्युरागमानागमौ तथा । विरोधश्चाविरोधश्व् कार्याकार्ये बलाबले
bhīṣma uvāca | tīkṣṇatā mṛdutā mṛtyur āgamānāgamau tathā | virodhaś cāvirodhaś ca kāryākārye balābale | arthānarthau sukha-duḥkhe dharmādharmau balābale | daurbhāgya-saubhāgye puṇya-pāpe guṇāvaguṇau kāmākāmau | ṛtu-māsau dina-rātrau kṣaṇaḥ pramādāpramādau harṣa-krodhau śama-damau | daiva-puruṣārthau bandha-mokṣau bhayābhaye hiṃsāhiṃse tapa-yajñau saṃyamaḥ | viṣāviṣe ādy-anta-madhye kārya-vistāraḥ madaḥ asāvadhānatā darpaḥ dambhaḥ dhairyam | nītī-anītī śakty-aśaktī mānaḥ stabdhatā vyayāvyaye vinayaḥ dānam | kālākālau satyāsatye jñānaṃ śraddhāśraddhe akarmaṇyatā udyogaḥ | lābhahānī jayaparājayau tīkṣṇatā-mṛdutā mṛtyuḥ ānā-jānaṃ virodhāvirodhau | kartavyākartavye sabalatā-nirbalatā asūyānasūye dharmādharmau lajjālajje | sampatti-vipattī sthānaṃ tejaḥ karma pāṇḍityaṃ vāk-śaktiḥ tathā tattva-bodhaḥ—ete sarve daṇḍasyaiva nāma-rūpāṇi bahūni | kurunandana! evaṃ jagati daṇḍasya bahavo rūpāṇi ||
Bhishma bersabda: Ketajaman dan kelembutan, kematian, datang dan tidak datang; pertentangan dan tiadanya pertentangan; yang patut dilakukan dan yang tak patut; kekuatan dan kelemahan—wahai kegembiraan wangsa Kuru, semua ini, beserta untung-rugi, suka-duka, dharma-adharma, jasa dan dosa, kebajikan dan cela, hasrat dan tanpa hasrat, serta banyak pasangan lainnya, hanyalah beragam nama dan wujud daṇḍa (prinsip penertiban dan akibat). Demikianlah, di dunia ini daṇḍa tampak dalam tak terhitung rupa.
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhishma teaches that daṇḍa—understood as the principle of restraint, correction, and governance—pervades worldly life. The many opposites (gentle/harsh, gain/loss, dharma/adharma, vigilance/heedlessness, etc.) are presented as diverse manifestations through which order is maintained and conduct is shaped.
In the Śānti Parva dialogue on kingship and ethics, Bhishma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira. Here he enumerates a long series of paired conditions and moral-psychological states to show that the king’s instrument of rule—daṇḍa—operates across all domains of life, not merely as physical punishment but as a comprehensive framework of regulation and discernment.