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Shloka 30

Satya–Anṛta Viveka (Discrimination between Truth and Falsehood) | सत्य–अनृत विवेकः

यस्मिन्‌ यथा वर्तते यो मनुष्य- स्तस्मिंस्तथा वर्तितव्यं स धर्म: । मायाचारो मायया बाधितव्य: साध्वाचार: साधुना प्रत्युपेय:,जो मनुष्य जिसके साथ जैसा बर्ताव करे, उसके साथ भी उसे वैसा ही बर्ताव करना चाहिये; यह धर्म (न्याय) है। कपटपूर्ण आचरण करनेवालेको वैसे ही आचरणके द्वारा दबाना उचित है और सदाचारीको सदव्यवहारके द्वारा ही अपनाना चाहिये

yasmin yathā vartate yo manuṣyas tasmiṁs tathā vartitavyaṁ sa dharmaḥ | māyācāro māyayā bādhitavyaḥ sādhvācāraḥ sādhunā pratyupeyaḥ |

Bhīṣma berkata: “Sebagaimana seseorang berlaku kepadamu, demikian pula patut engkau menanggapinya—itulah dharma sebagai keadilan dan tata pergaulan yang benar. Kelicikan patut dibendung dengan kelicikan yang menandingi, sedangkan perilaku orang saleh harus disambut dan dirangkul dengan kebajikan.”

यस्मिन्in/with whom
यस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
यथाas, in whatever manner
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
वर्ततेbehaves, conducts oneself
वर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत् (वर्तते)
FormPresent, Atmanepada, 3rd, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मनुष्यःa man, person
मनुष्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तस्मिन्in/with him
तस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
तथाthus, in that same way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
वर्तितव्यम्should be behaved (one should behave)
वर्तितव्यम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormGerundive (tavya), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular, Obligation/necessity
सःthat (this)
सः:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःdharma, right conduct, justice
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मायाचारःdeceptive conduct
मायाचारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमायाचार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
माययाby deception, by trickery
मायया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमाया
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
बाधितव्यम्should be checked/repelled
बाधितव्यम्:
TypeVerb
Rootबाध्
FormGerundive (tavya), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular, Obligation/necessity
साध्वाचारःgood conduct, virtuous behavior
साध्वाचारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसाध्वाचार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
साधुनाby a good (means)/by good conduct
साधुना:
Karana
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootसाधु
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
प्रत्युपेयःshould be reciprocally approached/accepted
प्रत्युपेयः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-उप-इ (उपेय)
FormGerundive (ya), Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Fit to be approached/accepted in return

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

Dharma here is framed as fitting reciprocity: respond to people according to their conduct—curb deceit with appropriate countermeasures, and meet virtue with virtue.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma and governance after the war; this verse gives a practical rule for dealing with different kinds of people—deceitful and virtuous.