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Shloka 11

Satya–Anṛta Viveka (Discrimination between Truth and Falsehood) | सत्य–अनृत विवेकः

धारणाद्‌ धर्ममित्याहुर्धमेण विधृता: प्रजा: । यः स्याद्‌ धारणसंयुक्त: स धर्म इति निश्चय:,धर्मका नाम “धर्म” इसलिये पड़ा है कि वह सबको धारण करता है--अधोगतिमें जानेसे बचाता है और जीवनकी रक्षा करता है। धर्मने ही सारी प्रजाको धारण कर रखा है; अत: जिससे धारण और पोषण सिद्ध होता हो, वही धर्म है; ऐसा धर्मवेत्ताओंका निश्चय है

dhāraṇād dharmam ity āhur dharmeṇa vidhṛtāḥ prajāḥ | yaḥ syād dhāraṇa-saṁyuktaḥ sa dharma iti niścayaḥ ||

Ia disebut dharma karena ia menopang; oleh dharma rakyat dipelihara dan ditegakkan. Karena itu, apa pun yang memiliki daya untuk menahan, memelihara, dan melindungi kehidupan—itulah dharma; demikian keputusan mantap para ahli dharma.

धारणात्from/because of sustaining
धारणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootधारण (धृ-धातु से भाव/क्रिया-नाम)
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
धर्मम्dharma
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
आहुःthey say
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह् (ब्रू/वद्-अर्थे)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
धर्मेणby dharma
धर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
विधृताःsupported/held up
विधृताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-धृ (क्त)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
प्रजाःcreatures/subjects
प्रजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
यःwho/that which
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्would be/is (potentially)
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
धारणसंयुक्तःendowed with sustaining (power)
धारणसंयुक्तः:
TypeAdjective
Rootधारण + संयुक्त (सम्-युज् क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःthat/he
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःdharma
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
निश्चयःcertainty/settled conclusion
निश्चयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिश्चय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
P
prajāḥ (the people/subjects)

Educational Q&A

Dharma is defined by its function: it ‘upholds’—protecting life, sustaining society, and maintaining order. Whatever genuinely supports and preserves beings is dharma.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on righteous conduct after the war, Bhīṣma teaches Yudhiṣṭhira by giving a foundational definition of dharma as the sustaining principle of society and life.