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Shloka 24

Gaṇānāṃ Vṛttiḥ — On the Sustenance and Cohesion of Assemblies

Gaṇa-nīti

राजन! इसलिये तुम्हें गणराज्यके जो प्रधान-प्रधान अधिकारी हैं, उन सबका सम्मान करना चाहिये; क्योंकि लोकयात्राका महान्‌ भार उनके ऊपर अवलम्बित है ।।

bhīṣma uvāca | rājan! tasmāt tvayā gaṇarājyasya ye pradhāna-pradhānā adhikāriṇaḥ, te sarve satkartavyāḥ; yato lokayātrāyā mahān bhāraḥ teṣūpari avalambitaḥ || mantragūptiḥ pradhāneṣu cāraś ca amitrakarṣaṇa | na gaṇāḥ kṛtsnaśo mantraṃ śrotum arhanti bhārata, śatrusūdana! bhārata! gaṇa-saṅghasya sarve janāḥ gupta-mantraṇāṃ śrotum adhikāriṇo na bhavanti | mantraṇāyā gopanam tathā guptacara-niyoga-kāryaṃ pradhāna-puruṣeṣv eva āyattaṃ bhavati ||

Wahai Raja, karena itu hormatilah semua pejabat utama dalam sebuah republik gaṇa, sebab beban besar untuk menopang kehidupan publik bertumpu pada mereka. Dan, wahai penakluk musuh, wahai Bharata: kerahasiaan musyawarah serta penempatan mata-mata berada di tangan para pemimpin; tidak seluruh anggota sidang layak mendengar pertimbangan yang rahasia. Dalam serikat atau konfederasi, tidak setiap orang berhak menyimak strategi tersembunyi—menjaga rahasia dan menugaskan agen rahasia adalah kewenangan para tokoh utama.

मन्त्रगुप्तिःsecrecy of counsel
मन्त्रगुप्तिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमन्त्रगुप्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
प्रधानेषुamong the chiefs
प्रधानेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रधान
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
चारO spy / O scout
चार:
TypeNoun
Rootचार
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
अमित्रकर्षणO subduer of foes
अमित्रकर्षण:
TypeNoun
Rootअमित्रकर्षण
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गणाःthe members of the assembly
गणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कृत्स्नशःentirely / all together
कृत्स्नशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकृत्स्नशस्
मन्त्रcounsel, secret plan
मन्त्र:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमन्त्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
श्रोतुम्to hear
श्रोतुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormTumun (infinitive)
अर्हन्तिare entitled / deserve
अर्हन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
शत्रुसूदनO slayer of enemies
शत्रुसूदन:
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रुसूदन
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
R
Rajan (the king addressed)
B
Bharata (epithet/address)
S
Shatrusudana (epithet/address: subduer of foes)
G
Gana/Sangha (assembly/confederacy)
P
Pradhana (chief officers/leaders)
C
Chara (spies)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches that even in a republic or confederacy, effective governance requires honoring responsible leaders and maintaining confidentiality in strategic counsel; sensitive deliberations and intelligence work should be entrusted to qualified principal officers, not disclosed to the entire assembly.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rajadharma, Bhishma advises the king on practical statecraft: respect key officials who carry the weight of administration, and keep policy deliberations secret by limiting access to trusted leaders and managing spies through them.