Shloka 40
उपायधर्म-सेनायोगः
Upāya-dharma and Senāyoga: Expedient Ethics & Army Deployment
Devanagari script
जयं जानीत धर्मस्य मूलं सर्वसुखस्य च । या भीरूणां परा ग्लानि: शूरस्तामधिगच्छति
Translation
Wahai para kesatria! Ketahuilah bahwa kemenangan dalam perang adalah akar dharma dan sumber segala kebahagiaan. Apa yang membuat pengecut diliputi kehinaan—pukulan dan maut—itulah yang diterima sang pemberani dengan sukacita.
Word by Word
जयम्victory
जयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जानीतknow (you all)
जानीत:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormImperative, 2nd, Plural, Parasmaipada
धर्मस्यof dharma
धर्मस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
मूलम्root, basis
मूलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमूल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सर्वसुखस्यof all happiness
सर्वसुखस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वसुख
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
याwhich
या:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
भीरूणाम्of cowards
भीरूणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभीरु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
पराgreat, extreme
परा:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
ग्लानिःshame, dejection
ग्लानिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootग्लानि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
शूरःa brave man
शूरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ताम्that (her/it)
ताम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अधिगच्छतिattains, reaches
अधिगच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-गम्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
वीरO hero
वीर:
TypeNoun
Rootवीर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes