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Shloka 31

Chapter 23: Śakuni Reports, Kaurava Advance, and Arjuna’s Penetration of the Host

अनीकं दशसाहस्रमश्चानां भरतर्षभ । आसीद्‌ गान्धारराजस्य विशालप्रासयोधिनाम्‌,भरतश्रेष्ठी] उस समय गान्धारराज शकुनिके पास विशाल प्रास लेकर युद्ध करनेवाले घुड़सवारोंकी दस हजार सेना मौजूद थी। उसीको साथ लेकर वह उस जन-संहारकारी युद्धमें पाण्डव-सेनाके पिछले भागकी ओर गया और वे सब मिलकर पैने बाणोंसे उस सेनापर चोट करने लगे

anīkaṁ daśasāhasram aśvānāṁ bharatarṣabha | āsīd gāndhārarājasya viśālaprāsayodhinām ||

Sañjaya berkata: “Wahai yang terbaik di antara keturunan Bharata, raja Gandhāra memiliki pasukan sepuluh ribu penunggang kuda—para pejuang yang menghunus tombak panjang dan besar. Membawa kontingen itu, ia bergerak ke bagian belakang bala Pāṇḍava dalam pertempuran yang memusnahkan manusia itu; dan mereka semua bersama-sama mulai menghantam pasukan itu dengan anak panah yang tajam.”

अनीकम्army, troop
अनीकम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअनीक
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दशसाहस्रम्ten-thousand (in number)
दशसाहस्रम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदशसाहस्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अश्वानाम्of horses
अश्वानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
भरतर्षभO bull among the Bharatas
भरतर्षभ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभरत-ऋषभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
आसीत्was, existed
आसीत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect, 3rd, Singular
गान्धारराजस्यof the king of Gandhāra
गान्धारराजस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगान्धारराज
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
विशालप्रासयोधिनाम्of fighters wielding huge spears
विशालप्रासयोधिनाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootविशाल-प्रास-योधिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bharatarṣabha (addressed listener, i.e., Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
G
Gāndhārarāja (Śakuni)
G
Gāndhāra
P
Pāṇḍava army
C
cavalry (aśvānām)
L
lances (prāsa)
A
arrows (bāṇa)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores how war magnifies strategic calculation and mass violence: large formations and specialized weapons are deployed to exploit vulnerabilities (such as the rear of an army). Ethically, it highlights the tension between kṣatriya warfare and destructive, opportunistic tactics that intensify slaughter.

Sañjaya reports that Śakuni, the king of Gandhāra, possesses a ten-thousand-strong cavalry unit equipped with large lances. He takes this force and moves toward the rear of the Pāṇḍava formation, where they collectively assail the troops with sharp arrows.