Shloka 53
Devanagari script
परिश्रान्ते विदीर्णे वा भुज्जाने वापि शत्रुभि:
Transliteration
pariśrānte vidīrṇe vā bhujjāne vāpi śatrubhiḥ
Translation
Sañjaya said: “Whether he was exhausted, or wounded and torn, or even being pressed hard by enemies…”
Word by Word
परिश्रान्तेwhen (he/it) is exhausted
परिश्रान्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपरिश्रान्त (परि-श्रान्त)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
विदीर्णेwhen (he/it) is torn/split
विदीर्णे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootविदीर्ण (वि-दीर्ण)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
भुज्जानेwhen (he/it) is bending/curving
भुज्जाने:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootभुज्जान (भुज्)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
शत्रुभिःby enemies
शत्रुभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
स
संजय (Sañjaya)श
शत्रु (enemies)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The line underscores the vulnerability of a warrior in battle—fatigue, injury, and being overwhelmed by foes—setting an ethical backdrop for later actions in the Sauptika narrative, where the contrast between open combat and night-time violence becomes morally significant.
Sañjaya is describing a combat situation in which a person (contextually, a warrior being spoken about) may be exhausted, wounded, or hard-pressed by enemies—part of a continuing account of events leading into the grim night-episode of the Sauptika Parva.