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Shloka 83

Sabhā Parva, Adhyāya 68 — Pāṇḍavānāṃ Vanavāsa-prasthānaḥ; Duḥśāsana-nindā; Pāṇḍava-pratijñāḥ

अध्यूढायाश्व यद्‌ दुःखं साक्षिभिविहतस्य च । एतानि वै समान्याहुर्दु:खानि त्रिदिवेश्वरा:

adhyūḍhāyāśva yad duḥkhaṃ sākṣibhivihatasya ca | etāni vai samāny āhur duḥkhāni tridiveśvarāḥ ||

Kāśyapa berkata: “Pedihnya seorang perempuan yang direnggut secara paksa (sebagai pengantin), dan pedihnya seseorang yang dijatuhkan di hadapan para saksi—para penguasa surga menyatakan bahwa penderitaan ini sehakikat.”

अध्यूढायाःof one who has been mounted (i.e., of a rider/one seated on a horse)
अध्यूढायाः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअध्यूढा (अधि-√वह्, क्त)
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
अश्वO horse
अश्व:
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
यत्which/that
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
दुःखम्sorrow, suffering
दुःखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
साक्षिभिःby witnesses
साक्षिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसाक्षिन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
विहतस्यof one who has been struck/defeated/repulsed
विहतस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootविहत (वि-√हन्, क्त)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एतानिthese
एतानि:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
समानिequal, alike
समानि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसमान
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
आहुःthey say/call
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Root√अह् (ब्रू)
FormPerfect, Third, Plural
दुःखानिsufferings
दुःखानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
त्रिदिवेश्वराःthe lords of heaven (gods)
त्रिदिवेश्वराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिदिवेश्वर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

कश्यप उवाच

कश्यप (Kāśyapa)
त्रिदिवेश्वराः (the gods / lords of heaven)
साक्षि (witnesses)

Educational Q&A

Publicly witnessed injustice and the violation of a woman through forcible taking are both presented as grievous harms; the verse stresses that certain wrongs are intrinsically comparable in moral weight because they destroy dignity, safety, and social trust.

Kāśyapa is speaking in a didactic context, classifying and comparing kinds of suffering recognized by higher authorities (the gods), to underline how serious these forms of wrongdoing are within dharma discourse.