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Shloka 12

कर्णार्जुनसमागमः — The Karṇa–Arjuna Confrontation

Cosmic Spectatorship and Vows

वह रक्तमयी भयंकर सरिता परलोकवाहिनी थी और सब लोगोंको अपने प्रवाहमें बहाये लिये जाती थी। वहाँ खड़े हुए सब लोगोंने देखा कि अश्वत्थामाके सारे रथी अर्जुनके धनुषसे छूटे हुए बाणोंद्वारा युद्धभूमिमें मारे गये। स्वयं अश्वत्थामाने भी उनकी वह अवस्था देखी। उस समय उसने भी महाभयंकर परलोकवाहिनी नदी बहा दी ।।

sañjaya uvāca | vahā raktamayī bhayaṅkarā saritā paralokavāhinī āsīt, sā ca sarvān janān svasmin pravāhe vahantī yayau | tatra sthitāḥ sarve janā dadṛśuḥ—droṇaputrasya sarve rathinaḥ pārthasya dhanuṣo mukta-bāṇaiḥ raṇabhūmau nihātāḥ | svayam aśvatthāmāpi tāṃ daśāṃ dadarśa | tadā so ’pi mahābhayaṅkarāṃ paralokavāhinīṃ nadīṃ pravāhayām āsa || tayoḥ tu vyākule yuddhe drauṇeḥ pārthasya dāruṇe | amaryādaṃ yodhayantaḥ paryadhāvanta pṛṣṭhataḥ ||

Sungai yang mengerikan itu seakan penuh darah dan membawa manusia menuju alam seberang, menghanyutkan semua dalam arusnya. Mereka yang berdiri di sana melihat bahwa seluruh prajurit kereta milik Aśvatthāmā telah gugur di medan perang oleh anak panah yang dilepaskan dari busur Arjuna; Aśvatthāmā sendiri pun menyaksikan keadaan mereka. Saat itu ia pun melepaskan arus yang amat mengerikan, laksana sungai yang menyeret manusia menuju kematian. Dalam duel yang kacau dan kejam antara putra Droṇa dan Pārtha itu, para kesatria menanggalkan segala batas, bertempur tanpa kendali, dan berlarian ke segala arah—maju dan mundur.

तयोःof those two
तयोः:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Dual
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
व्याकुलेin the agitated/confused
व्याकुले:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootव्याकुल
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
युद्धेin the battle
युद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
द्रौणेःof the son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāmā)
द्रौणेः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun (Proper)
Rootद्रौणि
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
पार्थस्यof Pārtha (Arjuna)
पार्थस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun (Proper)
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
दारुणेin the dreadful/terrible
दारुणे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootदारुण
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
अमर्यादम्without bounds/without restraint
अमर्यादम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअमर्याद
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
योधयन्तःfighting
योधयन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb (Participle)
Rootयुध्
FormPresent, Parasmaipada (active), Śatṛ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
पर्यधावन्तran about
पर्यधावन्त:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + धाव्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
पृष्ठतःfrom behind/behindward
पृष्ठतः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable (Adverbial)
Rootपृष्ठ

संजय उवाच

संजय (Sanjaya)
अश्वत्थामा (Ashvatthama / Drona’s son)
अर्जुन (Arjuna / Partha)
धनुष् (bow)
बाण (arrows)
रथी (chariot-warriors)
रणभूमि (battlefield)
परलोक (the other world)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how war, when it becomes ‘amaryāda’ (without restraint), turns into a death-current that sweeps away all—suggesting an ethical warning that abandoning limits and right conduct in conflict accelerates collective ruin.

Sanjaya describes the fierce duel between Arjuna and Ashvatthama: Arjuna’s arrows have already slain Ashvatthama’s supporting chariot-warriors, Ashvatthama witnesses it, and the battlefield descends into panic and disorder as fighters scatter and fight without any sense of order or restraint.