Shloka 3

दुःशासनवधः (Duḥśāsana-vadha) — Bhīma’s vow-fulfillment in combat

Devanagari script

दुर्योधनस्तव सुतः प्रमत्ते श्वेतवाहने । अभ्येत्य सहसा क्रुद्धः सैन्यार्थधेनाभिसंवृत:,जब श्वेतवाहन अर्जुन असावधान थे, उसी समय क्रोधमें भरे हुए दुर्योधनने सहसा आधी सेनाके साथ आकर अपनी ओर आते हुए अमर्षशील पाण्डुपुत्र युधिष्ठिरको चारों ओरसे घेर लिया। साथ ही तिहत्तर क्षुरप्रोंद्वारा उन्हें घायल कर दिया

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | duryodhanas tava sutaḥ pramatte śvetavāhane | abhyetya sahasā kruddhaḥ sainyārdhena abhisamvṛtaḥ ||

Translation

Sanjaya berkata: Putramu Duryodhana, melihat pemanah berkereta kuda putih (Arjuna) lengah, menerjang maju dengan murka yang tiba-tiba. Dikelilingi setengah pasukan, ia melesat dengan dorongan amarah dan hasrat merebut peluang, bukan pertimbangan yang tenang—hingga menambah keruh gelora dharma di medan perang.

Word by Word

दुर्योधनःDuryodhana

तवyour

सुतःson

प्रमत्तेwhen (he was) careless/heedless

श्वेतवाहनेin/at the White-horsed one (Arjuna)

अभ्येत्यhaving approached

सहसाsuddenly, impetuously

क्रुद्धःangry

सैन्यof the army

अर्धेनwith half

अभिसंवृतःsurrounded/covered (by)

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

Sañjaya

Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Duryodhana

Arjuna (Śvetavāhana)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how anger and opportunism (krodha, sahasā) can drive decisions in war, contrasting impulsive aggression with the ideal of disciplined kṣatriya conduct. It implicitly warns that lapses in vigilance and the surge of wrath both magnify harm and moral disorder on the battlefield.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Duryodhana, noticing Śvetavāhana (Arjuna) in a moment of inattention, suddenly charges forward in anger, supported and surrounded by half of the Kaurava army.