Shloka 40
कृष्णेन अर्जुनस्य प्रोत्साहनम् — Kṛṣṇa’s Exhortation to Arjuna
Prelude to Karṇa’s Slaying
अन्योन्यं श्रावयन्ति सम नामगोत्राणि भारत । पितृनामानि च रणे गोत्रनामानि वा विभो
anyonyam śrāvayanti sama nāmagotrāṇi bhārata | pitṛnāmāni ca raṇe gotranāmāni vā vibho ||
Sañjaya berkata: “Wahai Bhārata, di tengah pertempuran mereka saling memanggil dengan nama dan garis keturunan yang sama—menyebut nama ayah, atau nama klan (gotra), wahai yang perkasa.”
संजय उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse highlights how, even amid violence, warriors invoke social identity—name, father, and clan—underscoring the Kṣatriya world where lineage and reputation govern conduct. It also hints at the ethical tragedy of war: those who share similar names and lineages still become mutual enemies.
Sañjaya reports battlefield behavior to Dhṛtarāṣṭra: combatants shout out identifying details—names, fathers’ names, and gotras—so others recognize who is engaged, preserving conventions of challenge, honor, and accountability during the fighting.