Shloka 42

कर्णेन व्यूहविधानम् — Karṇa’s Battle Formation and the Pāṇḍava Counter-Plan

Adhyāya 31

Devanagari script

यो हाभ्युपगतं प्रीत्या गरीयांसं वशे स्थितम्‌

Transliteration

yo hābhyupagataṁ prītyā garīyāṁsaṁ vaśe sthitam

Translation

Barangsiapa, dengan kasih yang tulus, menerima seorang yang lebih mulia yang datang kepadanya dan tinggal di bawah wewenangnya—

Word by Word

• यः: who (he who)
• यः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• ह: indeed/for emphasis
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ह (निपात)

• अभ्युपगतम्: one who has approached/come near; one who has sought refuge
• अभ्युपगतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभि-उप-गम् (धातु) → अभ्युपगत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• प्रीत्या: with affection/gladly
• प्रीत्या: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रीति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• गरीयांसम्: a superior/elder/more venerable (person)
• गरीयांसम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गरीयस् (प्रातिपदिक; तुलनात्मक-विशेषण)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• वशे: in (one's) control/power
• वशे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन

• स्थितम्: standing/remaining; being situated
• स्थितम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्था (धातु) → स्थित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

Speaker

शल्य उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śalya

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse frames an ethical principle about how one should treat a superior person who has approached in goodwill and is placed under one’s authority: such a situation demands restraint, respect, and dharmic conduct rather than exploitation of power.

What is happening in the narrative?

Śalya is speaking in the Karṇa Parva amid the war context, introducing a moral observation about relationships of authority—especially when a venerable person comes willingly and remains under another’s control—setting up a critique or counsel about proper behavior in such a delicate hierarchy.