Shloka 12

कर्णस्य दानप्रतिज्ञा–शल्योपदेश–वाक्ययुद्धम्

Karna’s Gift-Vows, Shalya’s Counsel, and the Battle of Words

Devanagari script

नरा नरै: समाजम्मुर्वारणा वरवारणै: । रथाश्र रथिग्रि: सार्थ हयाश्व हयसादिभि:,उस युद्धमें समस्त पांचाल कौरवोंके साथ भिड़ गये। पैदल पैदलोंके, हाथी हाथियोंके, रथी रथियोंके और घुड़सवार घुड़सवारोंके साथ युद्ध करने लगे

Transliteration

narā naraiḥ samāyattā vāraṇā vara-vāraṇaiḥ | rathāś ca rathibhiḥ sārdhaṃ hayāś ca haya-sādibhiḥ ||

Translation

Sañjaya berkata: Dalam pertempuran itu, infanteri bertemu infanteri, gajah berhadapan dengan gajah lawan, para kesatria kereta perang beradu dengan sesamanya, dan pasukan berkuda melawan pasukan berkuda. Demikianlah bala tentara bertemu dalam laga sepadan—tertib namun tanpa belas kasihan.

Word by Word

• नराः: men, warriors
• नराः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• नरैः: with/by men
• नरैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• समाजग्मुः: came together; engaged (in encounter)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-आ-गम्
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

• वारणाः: elephants
• वारणाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वारण
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• वरवारणैः: with excellent elephants
• वरवारणैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर-वारण
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• रथाः: chariots
• रथाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• रथैः: with chariots
• रथैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• रथिनः: chariot-warriors
• रथिनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• रथिभिः: with chariot-warriors
• रथिभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथिन्
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• सार्थम्: together, in company
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सार्थम्

• हयाः: horses
• हयाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: हय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• अश्वाः: horses
• अश्वाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• हयसादिभिः: with horsemen and the like
• हयसादिभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: हयसादि
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• foot-soldiers (narāḥ)
• war-elephants (vāraṇāḥ)
• chariot-warriors (rathinaḥ)
• cavalry/horsemen (haya-sādinaḥ)
• Pāñcāla (from the given context)
• Kaurava (from the given context)