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Shloka 51

Droṇa-parva Adhyāya 95 — Sātyaki’s Breakthrough and the Routing of Allied Contingents

छिन्नाडुलीक्षुद्रमत्स्यां युगान्ते कालसंनिभाम्‌ । प्राकरोद्‌ गजसम्बाधां नदीमुत्तरशोणिताम्‌

chinnāḍulīkṣudramatsyāṃ yugānte kālasaṃnibhām | prākarod gajasambādhāṃ nadīm uttarashoṇitām ||

Sañjaya berkata: Ia menjadikan medan perang laksana sungai—sesak oleh gajah, mengalir ke utara dengan darah; di dalamnya jari-jari yang terpenggal bagaikan ikan-ikan kecil, dan gelapnya menyerupai Kala pada akhir zaman.

छिन्नाcut off, severed
छिन्ना:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootछिन्न (√छिद्)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अडुलीa kind of fish (name)
अडुली:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअडुली
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
क्षुद्रमत्स्याम्a small fish
क्षुद्रमत्स्याम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षुद्रमत्स्य
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
युगान्तेat the end of an age
युगान्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुगान्त
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
कालसंनिभाम्like Time (Death)
कालसंनिभाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकालसंनिभ
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
प्राकरोत्made, caused
प्राकरोत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√कृ
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular
गजसम्बाधाम्crowded/blocked with elephants
गजसम्बाधाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootगजसम्बाध
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
नदीम्river
नदीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनदी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
उत्तरशोणिताम्filled with upsurging blood / having blood flowing upward
उत्तरशोणिताम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तरशोणित
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
Kāla (Time/Death)
R
river (metaphorical battlefield-river)
E
elephants
F
fish
B
blood

Educational Q&A

The verse frames war’s carnage against the vast scale of Kāla (Time/Death): human power and pride collapse into impermanence, and violence is shown as a force that mimics cosmic dissolution—an ethical warning about the dehumanizing momentum of battle.

Sañjaya describes the scene of slaughter in vivid metaphor: the battlefield appears like a river, clogged with elephants and flowing with blood, strewn with severed limbs and teeming with small fish—dark and dreadful like Time at the end of the age.