Shloka 20
ध्वजवर्णनम् | Dhvaja-varṇanam
Description of War Standards
Devanagari script
तस्यां रजन्यां मध्ये तु प्रतिबुद्धो जनार्दन:
Transliteration
tasyāṁ rajanyāṁ madhye tu pratibuddho janārdanaḥ
Translation
Sañjaya berkata—“Di tengah malam itu, Janārdana (Kṛṣṇa) terjaga.”
Word by Word
तस्याम्in that
तस्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
रजन्याम्night
रजन्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरजनी
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
मध्येin the middle
मध्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमध्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
प्रतिबुद्धःawakened
प्रतिबुद्धः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रतिबुध्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
जनार्दनःJanardana (Krishna)
जनार्दनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजनार्दन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
S
SañjayaJ
Janārdana (Kṛṣṇa)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Cross References
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse highlights the ethical necessity of wakeful awareness in times of conflict: when circumstances are dark and uncertain, a righteous leader must be alert, ready to guide action with discernment rather than impulse.
Sañjaya reports that in the middle of the night Janārdana (Kṛṣṇa) awoke, marking a transition to imminent counsel or action within the unfolding events of the war narrative.