Shloka 9

अभिमन्यु-परिवेष्टनम्

Encirclement and Counterassault of Abhimanyu

Devanagari script

ततः संनोदयामास हयानाशु त्रिहायनान्‌

Transliteration

tataḥ saṃnodayāmāsa hayān āśu trihāyanān

Translation

Lalu ia segera memacu kuda-kuda berusia tiga tahun itu, mendorong kereta maju dengan daya dan kecepatan yang diperbarui.

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततस्
• Form: Avyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from/thereupon')

• संनोदयामास: urged on, spurred
• संनोदयामास: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + नुद्
• Form: लिट् (परस्मैपदम्), प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्

• हयान्: horses
• हयान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: हय
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया, बहुवचनम्

• आशु: quickly
• आशु: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आशु
• Form: Avyaya

• त्रिहायनान्: three-year-old
• त्रिहायनान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रिहायन
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया, बहुवचनम्

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• horses

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights prompt, resolute action in a critical moment. In the Mahābhārata’s war narrative, such immediacy underscores how decisions and momentum shape outcomes, even as ethical tensions remain in the background.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that the charioteer/warrior quickly urges the horses—described as three-year-old—so the chariot surges forward, signaling a rapid tactical movement in the battle.