Shloka 47
Devanagari script
एतौ हि मूलं दुःखानामस्माकं पुरुषर्षभ
Transliteration
etau hi mūlaṃ duḥkhānām asmākaṃ puruṣarṣabha
Translation
Wahai banteng di antara manusia, sungguh dua hal inilah akar dari penderitaan kami.
Word by Word
एतौthese two
एतौ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
मूलम्root/cause
मूलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमूल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दुःखानाम्of sorrows
दुःखानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
अस्माकम्of us/our
अस्माकम्:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Plural
पुरुषर्षभO bull among men (best of men)
पुरुषर्षभ:
TypeNoun (vocative address)
Rootपुरुषर्षभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
S
SañjayaP
puruṣarṣabha (honorific addressee, typically Dhṛtarāṣṭra in Sañjaya’s narration)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
Sañjaya frames present misery as arising from identifiable causes—“these two” being the root—implying that suffering in the epic is not random but traceable to specific choices, agents, or faults, and therefore ethically accountable.
In the midst of the Drona Parva narration, Sañjaya addresses the king with a pointed diagnosis: he identifies two particular factors (named in the surrounding verses) as the fundamental source of the Kuru side’s grief and calamity.