Shloka 1

दुःशासन-सहदेव-संक्षोभः; भीम-राधेय-गदायुद्धम्; द्रोण-पार्थ-अस्त्रसंग्रामः

Duhshasana–Sahadeva Clash; Bhima–Karna Mace Exchange; Drona–Arjuna Astra Duel

Devanagari script

क्र एकषष्ट्याधिकशततमोड< ध्याय: भीमसेन और अर्जुनका आक्रमण और कौरव-सेनाका पलायन संयज उवाच ततो युधिष्ठिरश्नैव भीमसेनश्न पाण्डव: । द्रोणपुत्रं महाराज समन्तात्‌ पर्यवारयन्‌,संजय कहते हैं--महाराज! तदनन्तर पाण्डुपुत्र युधिष्ठिर और भीमसेनने द्रोणपुत्र अश्वत्थामाको चारों ओरसे घेर लिया

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca |

tato yudhiṣṭhiraś caiva bhīmasenaś ca pāṇḍavaḥ |

droṇaputraṁ mahārāja samantāt paryavārayan ||

Translation

Sanjaya berkata: Lalu, wahai Raja, Yudhiṣṭhira dan Bhīmasena—para Pāṇḍava—mengepung putra Droṇa, Aśvatthāmā, dari segala penjuru di medan perang.

Word by Word

• संजय: O Sañjaya
• Type: Noun
• Root: संजय
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• ततः: then, thereafter
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• युधिष्ठिरः: Yudhiṣṭhira
• युधिष्ठिरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: युधिष्ठिर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एव: indeed, just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• भीमसेनः: Bhīmasena
• भीमसेनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीमसेन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• पाण्डवः: the Pāṇḍava (son of Pāṇḍu)
• पाण्डवः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• द्रोणपुत्रम्: Droṇa's son (Aśvatthāman)
• द्रोणपुत्रम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रोणपुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• महाराज: O great king
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाराज
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• समन्तात्: on all sides, from every direction
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: समन्तात्

• पर्यवारयन्: they surrounded, they enclosed
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि + वॄ (वरणे/आवरणे)
• Form: Imperfect, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

Speaker

संयज उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Yudhiṣṭhira
• Bhīmasena (Bhīma)
• Pāṇḍava(s)
• Droṇa
• Droṇaputra (Aśvatthāmā)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even amid war, action is not merely force but responsibility: leaders must act decisively to contain threats and protect the wider host. The verse highlights disciplined, collective effort—an ethical use of power aimed at preventing further harm.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Yudhiṣṭhira and Bhīma move together and encircle Droṇa’s son Aśvatthāmā from all sides, indicating a concentrated Pandava assault and a tactical attempt to neutralize him.