Next Verse

Shloka 1

Adhyāya 113: Karṇa–Bhīma Śaravarṣa and the Battlefield Aftermath (कर्णभीमशरवर्षः)

(दाक्षिणात्य अधिक पाठके २ श्लोक मिलाकर कुल १०५ श्लोक हैं) निफमशा (0) अमन न एकादरशाधिकशततमोड< ध्याय: सात्यकि और युधिष्ठिरका संवाद संजय उवाच प्रीतियुक्ते च हृद्यं च मधुराक्षरमेव च । कालयुक्तं च चित्र च न्याय्यं यच्चापि भाषितुम्‌,संजय कहते हैं--राजन्‌! धर्मराजका वह वचन प्रेमपूर्ण, मनको प्रिय लगनेवाला, मधुर अक्षरोंसे युक्त, सामयिक, विचित्र, कहनेयोग्य तथा न्‍्यायसंगत था। भरतश्रेष्ठ! उसे सुनकर शिनिप्रवर सात्यकिने युधिष्ठिरको इस प्रकार उत्तर दिया--

sañjaya uvāca | prītiyuktaṃ ca hṛdyaṃ ca madhurākṣaram eva ca | kālayuktaṃ ca citraṃ ca nyāyyaṃ yac cāpi bhāṣitum |

Sanjaya berkata: “Wahai Raja, kata-kata Dharmarāja itu penuh kasih, menyejukkan hati, tersusun dari suku kata yang manis, tepat pada waktunya, memikat dalam ungkapan, layak diucapkan, dan berlandaskan keadilan. Mendengarnya, Sātyaki—yang utama di antara kaum Śini—menjawab Yudhiṣṭhira demikian.”

संजयःSanjaya
संजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्रीतियुक्तेin/with (speech) endowed with affection
प्रीतियुक्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रीतियुक्त
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
हृद्यम्pleasing to the heart
हृद्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootहृद्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मधुराक्षरम्having sweet syllables/words
मधुराक्षरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमधुराक्षर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कालयुक्तम्timely/appropriate to the occasion
कालयुक्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकालयुक्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
चित्रम्wonderful/varied
चित्रम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootचित्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
न्याय्यम्proper/just
न्याय्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootन्याय्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
यत्which/that
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
भाषितुम्to speak
भाषितुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootभाष्
FormInfinitive (Tumun)

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira)
S
Sātyaki
Ś
Śini (clan reference)
R
Rājan (Dhṛtarāṣṭra, implied addressee)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights an ethical ideal of speech: words should be affectionate, heart-pleasing, gentle in expression, timely, meaningful/striking, and aligned with justice. In a war setting, it underscores that dharma is also maintained through disciplined, considerate communication.

Sanjaya reports to the king that Yudhiṣṭhira has spoken in a commendable manner. After hearing Yudhiṣṭhira’s well-formed statement, Sātyaki prepares to respond, introducing the forthcoming dialogue between them.