Shloka 22

Sātyaki-praveśaḥ and Duryodhana-saṃnipātaḥ

Sātyaki’s passage and Duryodhana’s mass engagement

Devanagari script

उभयो: पतिते छत्रे तथैव पतितौ ध्वजी

Transliteration

ubhayōḥ patite chatre tathaiva patitau dhvajī

Translation

Sañjaya berkata: Ketika payung-payung kerajaan dari kedua pihak telah jatuh, panji-panji mereka pun turut tumbang.

Word by Word

• उभयोः: of both
• उभयोः: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उभ
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Dual

• पतिते: having fallen / when (they) had fallen
• पतिते: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पतित (√पत्)
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Dual

• छत्रे: in/when the two umbrellas
• छत्रे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: छत्र
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Dual

• तथा: thus; likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• एव: indeed; just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• पतितौ: fell / were fallen (the two)
• पतितौ: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पतित (√पत्)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• ध्वजी: the two banners/standards
• ध्वजी: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ध्वज
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• chatra (royal umbrella)
• dhvaja (battle standard/banner)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how symbols of sovereignty and honor (umbrella and banner) can suddenly fall in war, reminding that external status is fragile and that outcomes are shaped by forces beyond mere pride—inviting reflection on humility and the instability of worldly power.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports a battlefield moment where the umbrellas and standards associated with both sides fall, functioning as a dramatic visual omen of disorder, reversal, or impending calamity in the ongoing conflict.