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Shloka 31

Droṇa–Arjuna Yuddha; Trigarta-Āvaraṇa; Bhīmasena Gajānīka-bheda

Droṇa and Arjuna Engage; Trigarta Containment; Bhīma Breaks the Elephant Corps

रथिनश्न रथै राजन्‌ कर्णिनालीकसायकै: । निहत्य समरे वीरान्‌ सिंहनादान्‌ विनेदिरे,राजन! रथी लोग रथोंपर आरूढ़ हो कर्णी, नालीक और सायकोंद्वारा समरमें वीरोंका वध करके सिंहनाद कर रहे थे

rathinaś ca rathaiḥ rājan karṇinālīkasāyakaiḥ | nihatya samare vīrān siṃhanādān vinedire ||

Sañjaya berkata: “Wahai Raja, para kesatria kereta, berdiri di atas kereta-kereta mereka, menewaskan para pahlawan dalam pertempuran dengan panah karṇī, nālīka, dan lainnya; lalu mereka mengaumkan pekik kemenangan laksana singa.”

रथिनःchariot-warriors
रथिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रथैःwith chariots
रथैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
राजन्O king
राजन्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
कर्णि-नालीक-सायकैःwith karnin (barbed) arrows, nālīka arrows, and missiles
कर्णि-नालीक-सायकैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्णि + नालीक + सायक
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
निहत्यhaving slain
निहत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), नि
समरेin battle
समरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
वीरान्heroes
वीरान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवीर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सिंहनादान्lion-roars (war-cries)
सिंहनादान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसिंहनाद
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
विनेदिरेthey roared / they sounded
विनेदिरे:
TypeVerb
Rootनद्
FormPerfect (लिट्), Parasmaipada, Third, Plural, वि

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'rājan')
R
ratha (chariot)
R
rathin (chariot-warriors)
K
karṇī (arrow type)
N
nālīka (weapon/arrow type)
S
sāyaka (arrows)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the kṣatriya battlefield ethos: prowess in arms, victory-cries, and the psychological dimension of war. Ethically, it reflects how martial duty and the pursuit of triumph can normalize violence and celebration of killing, a tension repeatedly examined in the epic’s wider dharma discourse.

Sañjaya reports to the king that chariot-fighters, using specialized arrows and missiles, are cutting down opposing heroes in the battle and then raising loud lion-like roars—signals of victory meant to inspire allies and terrify enemies.