Shloka 111

Daiva–Puruṣakāra Discourse and the Elephant-Corps Engagement (भीमगजानीक-सम्भ्रान्ति)

Devanagari script

अश्वोंके मारे जानेपर भी उसी रथपर खड़े हुए प्रतापी भीमसेनने भीष्मजीके रथपर बड़े वेगसे शक्ति चलायी

Transliteration

aśvānke māre jāne par bhī usī ratha-par khaḍe hue pratāpī bhīmasenena bhīṣma-jīke ratha-par baḍe vega se śakti calāyī

Translation

Sanjaya berkata: Walau kuda-kudanya telah tewas, Bhīmasena yang perkasa tetap berdiri di kereta itu juga dan melemparkan tombak (śakti) dengan dahsyat ke arah kereta Bhīṣma.

Word by Word

• अश्वानाम्: of the horses
• अश्वानाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• मारे: when (they were) killed
• मारे: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: मार
• Form: Past passive participle (PPP) in locative singular (used in locative absolute), Masculine/Neuter (contextual), Locative, Singular

• जाने: having gone / having perished
• जाने: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: जा
• Form: Past passive participle (PPP) in locative singular (used in locative absolute), Masculine/Neuter (contextual), Locative, Singular

• परम्: even then / nevertheless
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पर
• Form: true

• अपि: also, even
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि
• Form: true

• उसी: on that very
• उसी: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Hindi demonstrative; Sanskrit equivalent would be 'तस्मिन्/तस्मिन् एव', Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular

• रथपर: on the chariot
• रथपर: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ
• Form: Hindi postposition 'पर'; Sanskrit would be 'रथे' (locative), Masculine, Locative, Singular

• खड़े: standing
• खड़े: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्था
• Form: Hindi participle; Sanskrit equivalent would be 'स्थितः' (PPP, nominative singular masculine), PPP (intended), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• हुए: having become / was
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू
• Form: Hindi auxiliary; Sanskrit equivalent often omitted or 'अभवत्', PPP/auxiliary sense, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• प्रतापी: valiant, mighty
• प्रतापी: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रतापिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भीमसेनः: Bhimasena
• भीमसेनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीमसेन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भीष्मस्य: of Bhishma
• भीष्मस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीष्म
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• रथम्: chariot
• रथम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• बड़े: with great
• बड़े: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बृहत्
• Form: Hindi adjective; Sanskrit equivalent 'महता/महान्' etc., Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• वेगसे: with speed
• वेगसे: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेग
• Form: Hindi instrumental; Sanskrit would be 'वेगेन', Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• शक्तिम्: a spear (shakti weapon)
• शक्तिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शक्ति
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• चालयामास: hurled / launched
• Type: Verb
• Root: चल्
• Form: Hindi 'चलायी'; Sanskrit equivalent is causative perfect/periphrastic perfect-like 'चालयामास' (he caused to move/shot), Periphrastic perfect (āmāsa construction) / narrative past, 3rd, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Bhīmasena (Bhīma)
• Bhīṣma
• ratha (chariot)
• aśva (horses)
• śakti (spear/javelin)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights steadfastness and warrior-duty under extreme adversity: even when one’s means of mobility and safety are compromised, a kṣatriya is portrayed as maintaining resolve and continuing the fight with focused intent.

What is happening in the narrative?

After the horses of a chariot are killed, Bhīma remains standing on that same chariot and, with great force, throws a śakti (spear/javelin) toward Bhīṣma’s chariot, intensifying the direct confrontation in the Kurukṣetra war.