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Shloka 10

कर्मयोग–ज्ञानयज्ञ–अवतारोपदेश

Karma-Yoga, Jñāna-Yajña, and Avatāra Instruction

तमुवाच हृषीकेश: प्रहसन्निव भारत । सेनयोरुभयोर्म ध्ये विषीदन्‍तमिदं वच:,हे भरतवंशी धृतराष्ट्र! अन्तर्यामी श्रीकृष्ण महाराज दोनों सेनाओंके बीचमें शोक करते हुए उस अर्जुनको हँसते हुए-से यह वचन बोले

sañjaya uvāca |

tam uvāca hṛṣīkeśaḥ prahasan iva bhārata |

senayor ubhayor madhye viṣīdantam idaṁ vacaḥ ||

Sañjaya berkata: “Wahai keturunan Bharata (Dhṛtarāṣṭra), Hṛṣīkeśa—Śrī Kṛṣṇa, pengendali indria—menyampaikan kata-kata ini kepada Arjuna yang larut dalam duka di antara dua bala tentara, seakan dengan senyum tipis.”

तम्him (Arjuna)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
हृषीकेशःHrishikesha (Krishna)
हृषीकेशः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहृषीकेश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रहसन्smiling/laughing
प्रहसन्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-हस्
FormShatru (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
इवas if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
भारतO Bharata (descendant of Bharata)
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सेनयोःof the two armies
सेनयोः:
TypeNoun
Rootसेना
FormFeminine, Genitive, Dual
उभयोःof both
उभयोः:
TypeAdjective
Rootउभ
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Dual
मध्येin the middle
मध्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमध्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
विषीदन्तम्grieving/desponding
विषीदन्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-षद्
FormShatru (present active participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वचःspeech/words
वचः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवचस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
H
Hṛṣīkeśa (Śrī Kṛṣṇa)
A
Arjuna
B
Bhārata (Dhṛtarāṣṭra as addressee)
T
the two armies (Kaurava and Pāṇḍava forces)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames the ethical turning point: Arjuna’s grief and paralysis are met by Kṛṣṇa’s composed, slightly smiling counsel, signaling that clear discernment and dharma-based action must replace despair and confusion at the moment of duty.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Kṛṣṇa, standing with Arjuna between the two assembled armies, begins to speak to Arjuna who has become despondent; Kṛṣṇa’s ‘smile’ indicates calm authority and the intent to correct Arjuna’s misguided sorrow.