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Shloka 13

भीष्मपर्व — अध्याय 18: सेनानिनादः, ध्वज-दीप्तिः, भीष्मरक्षण-व्यवस्था च

Battle Muster: Soundscape, Banners, and the Protection of Bhīṣma

शाल्वा मत्स्यास्तथाम्बष्ठास्त्रैगर्ता: केकयास्तथा । सौवीरा: कैतवाः प्राच्या: प्रतीच्योदीच्यवासिन:

sálvā matsyās tathāmbaṣṭhās traigartāḥ kekayās tathā | sauvīrāḥ kaitavāḥ prācyāḥ pratīcyodīcyavāsinaḥ ||

Sañjaya berkata: Śālva, Matsya, Ambaṣṭha, Trigarta, dan Kekaya; juga Sauvīra, Kaitava, serta para penghuni wilayah timur, barat, dan utara—semua ini telah berketetapan untuk menyerahkan nyawa, dan dengan rombongan kereta yang besar mereka menjaga Kakek Bhīṣma.

शाल्वाःthe Shalvas (people)
शाल्वाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशाल्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मत्स्याःthe Matsyas (people)
मत्स्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमत्स्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तथाand/also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अम्बष्ठाःthe Ambasthas (people)
अम्बष्ठाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअम्बष्ठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्रैगर्ताःthe Trigartas (people)
त्रैगर्ताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootत्रैगर्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
केकयाःthe Kekayas (people)
केकयाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकेकय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तथाand/also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
सौवीराःthe Sauvīras (people)
सौवीराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसौवीर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कैतवाःthe Kaitavas (people)
कैतवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकैतव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्राच्याःeastern (dwellers)
प्राच्याः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राच्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रतीच्यwestern (dwellers)
प्रतीच्य:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रतीच्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
उदीच्यवासिनःnortherners; those dwelling in the north
उदीच्यवासिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउदीच्य-वासिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bhīṣma
Ś
Śālva (people/region)
M
Matsya (people/region)
A
Ambaṣṭha (people/region)
T
Trigarta (people/region)
K
Kekaya (people/region)
S
Sauvīra (people/region)
K
Kaitava (people/region)
P
Prācya (eastern region/people)
P
Pratīcya (western region/people)
U
Udīcya (northern region/people)
C
Chariots (ratha)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the warrior-ethic of dharma in battle: allied peoples accept personal risk—even death—to protect a revered commander (Bhīṣma). It frames loyalty and duty as collective responsibilities, especially toward elders and leaders in a righteous military order.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that multiple janapadas—named groups from various regions—have assembled in large numbers, especially with chariots, and are forming a protective screen around Bhīṣma on the battlefield.