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Shloka 10

Adhyāya 9: Pratiśruta-Dāna

The Duty to Fulfill Promised Gifts

ततः परासून्‌ खादन्तं शृगालं वानरोउब्रवीत्‌ । श्मशानमध्ये सम्प्रेक्ष्य पूर्वजातिमनुस्मरन्‌

tataḥ parāsūn khādantaṁ śṛgālaṁ vānaro ’bravīt | śmaśānamadhye samprekṣya pūrvajātim anusmaran ||

Maka seekor monyet berbicara kepada serigala-jakal yang sedang memakan mayat. Melihatnya di tengah tanah pembakaran dan teringat akan kelahirannya yang lampau, sang monyet bertanya, “Saudaraku, dosa mengerikan apakah yang kau perbuat pada kelahiran terdahulu, sehingga kini engkau memakan bangkai yang busuk dan menjijikkan di pemakaman?”

ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
Formindeclinable (ablatival adverb)
परासून्corpses/dead bodies
परासून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपरासु
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
खादन्तम्eating
खादन्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootखाद्
Formpresent active participle, accusative singular masculine
शृगालम्jackal
शृगालम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशृगाल
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
वानरःthe monkey
वानरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवानर
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formperfect (luṅ-like narrative), 3rd person, singular, parasmaipada
श्मशानमध्येin the middle of the cremation-ground
श्मशानमध्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootश्मशान-मध्य
Formneuter, locative, singular
सम्प्रेक्ष्यhaving seen/observed
सम्प्रेक्ष्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्+प्रेक्ष्
Formabsolutive (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), indeclinable
पूर्वजातिम्former birth
पूर्वजातिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपूर्व-जाती
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
अनुस्मरन्remembering
अनुस्मरन्:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु+स्मृ
Formpresent active participle, nominative singular masculine

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
V
vānara (monkey)
Ś
śṛgāla (jackal)
Ś
śmaśāna (cremation-ground)

Educational Q&A

The verse sets up a karmic-ethical lesson: degraded conditions in a later birth are portrayed as consequences of grave past actions, prompting reflection on how adharma leads to suffering and loss of dignity.

A monkey sees a jackal eating corpses in a cremation-ground. Remembering a former birth, the monkey questions the jackal about what terrible sin caused him to end up in such a repulsive state.