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Shloka 12

गवां लोकवर्णनं तथा गोप्रदानफलश्रुतिः

Description of the ‘World of Cows’ and the Stated Fruits of Cow-Gift

घासमुष्टिं परगवे दद्यात्‌ संवत्सरं तु यः । अकृत्वा स्वयमाहारं व्रतं तत्‌ सार्वकामिकम्‌

ghāsamuṣṭiṁ paragave dadyāt saṁvatsaraṁ tu yaḥ | akṛtvā svayam āhāraṁ vrataṁ tat sārvakāmikam ||

Barangsiapa selama setahun penuh, setiap hari, sebelum menyantap makanannya sendiri, memberikan segenggam rumput kepada sapi milik orang lain—ia menjalankan suatu tapa-brata yang dikatakan memenuhi segala keinginan yang sah menurut dharma.

घासमुष्टिम्a handful of grass
घासमुष्टिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootघासमुष्टि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
परगवेto another's cow
परगवे:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootपरगव
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
दद्यात्should give
दद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा (ददाति)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
संवत्सरम्for a year
संवत्सरम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंवत्सर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तुindeed/but
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अकृत्वाwithout doing / not having done
अकृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), अ- (nañ)
स्वयम्oneself
स्वयम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम्
आहारम्food/intake
आहारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआहार
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
व्रतम्vow/observance
व्रतम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्रत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सार्वकामिकम्fulfilling all desires
सार्वकामिकम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसार्वकामिक
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
C
cow (go)
G
grass (ghāsa)

Educational Q&A

Prioritize compassionate giving and self-discipline: before satisfying one’s own hunger, one should first serve and sustain a dependent being (here, a cow), even with a small daily gift. Consistency over time turns a modest act into a powerful ethical vow.

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma, he recommends a specific year-long observance: each day, before eating, one should feed a handful of grass to someone else’s cow. He declares this vow to be sārvakāmika—capable of fulfilling all (proper) aims.