Shloka 4

Tilā-Dāna, Dīpa-Dāna, and Nitya-Jalapradāna

Yama–Brāhmaṇa Saṃvāda) | तिलदान-दीपदान-नित्यजलप्रदान (यम-ब्राह्मण संवाद

Devanagari script

तस्या: सम्पृच्छमानाया देवर्षिनरिदस्ततः । आचरष्ट विधिवत सर्व तच्छृणुष्व विशाम्पते

Transliteration

tasyāḥ sampṛcchamānāyā devarṣir naradas tataḥ | ācarat vidhivat sarvaṃ tac chṛṇuṣva viśāmpate prajānātha ||

Translation

Bhīṣma berkata: “Wahai pelindung rakyat, ketika Devakī bertanya demikian, Devarṣi Nārada menjelaskan semuanya dengan tata cara yang semestinya. Hal-hal itulah yang kini kusampaikan kepadamu—dengarkanlah.”

Word by Word

• तस्याः: of her
• तस्याः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• सम्पृच्छमानायाः: while she was asking / of her who was inquiring
• सम्पृच्छमानायाः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + प्रच्छ् (धातु) → सम्पृच्छमान (वर्तमान कृदन्त)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन, शतृ (वर्तमानकालिक कर्तरि), परस्मैपद-कर्तरि (भावः)

• देवर्षिः: the divine sage
• देवर्षिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवर्षि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• नारदः: Narada
• नारदः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नारद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• ततः: then / thereupon
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)

• आचरत्: he acted / proceeded
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + चर् (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (अनद्यतनभूत), प्रथम, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• विधिवत्: according to rule / duly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: विधिवत् (अव्यय)

• सर्वम्: everything
• सर्वम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (सर्वनाम/विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• शृणुष्व: listen
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (आज्ञार्थ), मध्यम, एकवचन, आत्मनेपद

• विशाम्: of the people
• विशाम्: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: विश् (प्रातिपदिक: विश्/विष् ‘जन’)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन

• पते: O lord
• पते: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: पति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• Nārada
• Devarṣi (divine sage)
• viśāmpati (the king addressed, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira)
• prajānātha (the king addressed, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Ethical instruction should be received and transmitted through reliable authority and in a disciplined, rule-governed manner (vidhivat). Bhīṣma emphasizes faithful preservation of what a sage has taught and urges the king to listen attentively as part of righteous governance.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhīṣma continues his discourse to the king by introducing a prior account: a woman had questioned the divine sage Nārada, who then explained the matter properly and completely. Bhīṣma now relays that same explanation to his royal listener.