Shloka 4
Cyavana’s Water-Vow and the Ethics of Cohabitation (स्नेह-सम्वास-धर्मः)
Devanagari script
चतस्रो विहिता भार्या ब्राह्म॒णस्य पितामह । ब्राह्मणी क्षत्रिया वैश्या शूद्रा च रतिमिच्छत:
Translation
Wahai Kakek, bagi seorang Brahmana, śāstra menetapkan empat jenis istri: Brahmani, Kshatriya, Vaishya, dan Shudra; namun Shudra disebutkan hanya bagi lelaki yang dikuasai hasrat kenikmatan ragawi.
Word by Word
चतस्रःfour
चतस्रः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
विहिताःprescribed/ordained
विहिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवि + धा (धातु: धा) → विहित (क्त)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
भार्याःwives
भार्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभार्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
ब्राह्मणस्यof a Brahmin
ब्राह्मणस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
पितामहO grandsire
पितामह:
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
ब्राह्मणीa Brahmin woman
ब्राह्मणी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मणी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
क्षत्रियाa Kshatriya woman
क्षत्रिया:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिया
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
वैश्याa Vaishya woman
वैश्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
शूद्राa Shudra woman
शूद्रा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्रा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
रतिम्sexual pleasure/delight
रतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
इच्छतःof one who desires
इच्छतः:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootइष् (धातु) → इच्छत् (शतृ)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
Speaker
युधिछिर उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes