Shloka 43
Dāyavibhāga (Inheritance Apportionment) and Household Precedence — Dialogue of Yudhiṣṭhira and Bhīṣma
शिष्टानां क्षत्रियाणां च धर्म एब सनातन: । युधिष्ठिर! इस प्रकार ब्याहने योग्य वरको बुलाकर उसके साथ कन्याका विवाह करना उत्तम ब्राह्मणोंका धर्म-ब्राह्मविवाह है। जो धन आदिके द्वारा वरपक्षको अनुकूल करके कन्यादान किया जाता है
śiṣṭānāṃ kṣatriyāṇāṃ ca dharma eṣa sanātanaḥ | yudhiṣṭhira! evaṃ vivāhane yogyaṃ varaṃ āhūya tena saha kanyāyā vivāhaḥ kartavya iti—eṣa brāhmaṇānāṃ śreṣṭhānāṃ dharmaḥ, brāhma-vivāhaḥ | yaḥ dhana-ādibhiḥ varapakṣaṃ anukūlya kṛtvā kanyādānaṃ kriyate, sa śiṣṭa-brāhmaṇa-kṣatriyāṇāṃ sanātano dharmaḥ smṛtaḥ (ayam eva prājāpatya-vivāhaḥ) | yadi vaḥ śulkato niṣṭhā na pāṇigrahaṇāt tathā | lājāntaram upāsīta prāptaśulka iti smṛtiḥ ||
Bhishma bersabda: “Wahai Yudhishthira, inilah dharma yang kuno bagi kaum beradab dan para Kshatriya: memanggil mempelai pria yang layak lalu menikahkan sang gadis dengannya—itulah perkawinan Brahma, yang dipuji para Brahmana utama. Namun bila keluarga mempelai wanita, dengan harta dan pemberian lain, melunakkan pihak mempelai pria lalu menyerahkan sang gadis, itu pun disebut laku purba di kalangan Brahmana dan Kshatriya terhormat; itulah yang dinamai perkawinan Prajapatya. Smriti juga menyatakan: bila keteguhan seseorang terletak pada ‘harga pengantin’ dan bukan pada upacara pāṇigrahaṇa, hendaklah dicari jodoh lain; orang demikian dikenang sebagai ‘yang telah memperoleh harga pengantin.’”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse distinguishes approved marriage norms: marrying a maiden to a worthy groom (Brahma marriage) is ideal, while giving a daughter after making the groom’s side favorable through wealth is also treated as an established practice (identified here with Prajapatya). It cautions against treating marriage as a transaction centered on bride-price rather than the sacred rite.
In the Anushasana Parva’s dharma instruction, Bhishma answers Yudhishthira’s questions by classifying marriage practices and their ethical standing, citing Smriti-style authority to warn against mercenary motives in arranging marriages.