Shloka 37

Dāyavibhāga (Inheritance Apportionment) and Household Precedence — Dialogue of Yudhiṣṭhira and Bhīṣma

Devanagari script

समीक्ष्य च बहून्‌ दोषान्‌ संवासाद्‌ विद्धि पाणयो: । यथा निष्ठाकरं शुल्क न जात्वासीत्‌ तथा शूणु

Transliteration

samīkṣya ca bahūn doṣān saṃvāsād viddhi pāṇayoḥ | yathā niṣṭhākaraṃ śulkaṃ na jātva āsīt tathā śṛṇu ||

Translation

Bhīṣma berkata: “Renungkanlah baik-baik banyaknya cela yang timbul bila perkawinan dipandang sekadar hidup bersama yang ‘dipastikan’ oleh pembayaran. Ketahuilah, ‘biaya’ semata tidak menjadikan perkawinan itu pasti dan final. Pada masa lampau pun kebiasaan demikian tidak pernah diterima sebagai norma yang mapan—dengarkan penjelasanku.”

Word by Word

• {'samīkṣya': 'having examined, after considering carefully', 'bahūn': 'many', 'doṣān': 'faults, moral defects, harmful consequences', 'saṃvāsāt': 'from cohabitation

• from living together (as the defining basis)', 'viddhi': 'know, understand', 'pāṇayoḥ': 'of the two hands

• idiomatically connected with pāṇigraha (the taking of the bride’s hand in marriage)', 'yathā': 'as, in such a way that', 'niṣṭhākaraṃ': 'bringing finality/settlement

• making a matter firmly concluded', 'śulkam': 'price, fee, bride-price (payment connected with marriage)', 'na': 'not', 'jātva': 'ever, at any time', 'āsīt': 'was', 'tathā': 'thus, in that manner', 'śṛṇu': 'listen'}

Speaker

भीष्य उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Bhīṣma warns that treating marriage as a transaction—where payment is assumed to finalize the union—creates serious moral and social defects. A legitimate marriage is grounded in dharma and proper rites/consent, not merely in money or cohabitation.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma is instructing on dharma. Here he addresses the issue of ‘buying and selling’ a maiden (kanyā-kraya-vikraya), urging careful reflection on its faults and stating that a paid ‘fee’ has never been a valid basis for conclusively establishing marriage.