Shloka 22
Śakra–Śambara Saṃvāda: Brāhmaṇa-sevā, Anasūyā, and Vāg-bala (शक्रशम्बरसंवादः)
द्राविडाश्व॒ कलिड्नाश्च पुलिन्दाश्षाप्युशीनरा: । कोलिसर्पा माहिषकास्तास्ता: क्षत्रियजातय:
Bhīṣma uvāca: drāviḍāś ca kaliṅgāś ca pulindāś cāpy uśīnarāḥ | kolisarpā māhiṣakās tāstāḥ kṣatriyajātayaḥ ||
Bhishma berkata: “Wahai raja, yang terbaik di antara para pahlawan penakluk! Kaum Dravida, Kalinga, Pulinda, juga Uśīnara; Kolisarpa dan Māhiṣaka—mereka dan yang sejenisnya dahulu berasal dari keturunan kṣatriya. Namun karena tidak memperoleh pandangan rahmat dan naungan para brāhmaṇa, mereka dipandang jatuh menjadi śūdra. Maka, wahai raja, kesejahteraan terletak pada menunduk kepada para brāhmaṇa; tidak baik berusaha mengalahkan mereka.”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhishma teaches that a king’s welfare lies in honoring and not opposing brāhmaṇas. He frames brāhmaṇic favor (anugraha/kṛpā) as socially and ethically sustaining: when kṣatriya groups lose that support and alignment with brāhmaṇic dharma, they are said to fall in status and be treated as śūdra.
In Bhishma’s instruction to Yudhiṣṭhira on conduct and dharma, he cites examples of various peoples (Dravidas, Kalingas, etc.) described as once kṣatriya communities who later came to be regarded as śūdra due to not receiving brāhmaṇas’ gracious regard. He uses this as a cautionary precedent to advise the king to yield to brāhmaṇas rather than contend with them.