Shloka 51

ब्राह्मणपूजा-राजधर्मः | Royal Duty of Honoring Learned Brahmins

Devanagari script

उत्सादितश्न विषय: काशीनां रत्नसंचय: । एतस्य वीर्यदृप्तस्य हतं पुत्रशतं मया

Transliteration

utsāditaś ca viṣayaḥ kāśīnāṁ ratnasañcayaḥ | etasya vīryadṛptasya hataṁ putraśataṁ mayā ||

Translation

Aku meluluhlantakkan negeri Kāśī dan merampas timbunan permata yang terkumpul di sana. Dan dari orang ini—yang mabuk oleh kesombongan atas keperkasaannya—seratus putranya telah kubunuh.

Word by Word

• उत्सादितः: destroyed/ruined
• उत्सादितः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्सादित (उत्+साद् धातु, क्त)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अस्मिन्: in this (matter/person)
• अस्मिन्: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular

• विषये: in the realm/territory
• विषये: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: विषय
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• काशीनाम्: of the Kāśīs (people/kingdom of Kāśī)
• काशीनाम्: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: काशी
• Form: Feminine, Genitive, Plural

• रत्नसञ्चयः: a collection/heap of jewels
• रत्नसञ्चयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: रत्नसञ्चय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• एतस्य: of this (man)
• एतस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• वीर्यदृप्तस्य: of (one) intoxicated/proud with prowess
• वीर्यदृप्तस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वीर्यदृप्त
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• हतम्: slain/killed
• हतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हत (हन् धातु, क्त)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• पुत्रशतम्: a hundred sons
• पुत्रशतम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्रशत
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• मया: by me
• मया: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: —, Instrumental, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• Kāśī (kingdom/people)
• ratna-sañcaya (treasure/jewels)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethical warning against darpa (pride) born of strength: arrogance invites ruin. It also reflects the harsh logic of kṣatriya-dharma, where political conflict and retribution can culminate in devastating violence and the loss of lineage.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhīṣma recounts a past campaign: he devastated the territory of the Kāśīs, took their amassed treasures, and killed a hundred sons of a valor-proud adversary, emphasizing the scale of his victory and the downfall brought by the opponent’s pride.