Chapter 2: Sudarśana Upākhyāna — Atithi-Dharma and the Conquest of Mṛtyu
Gṛhastha-Vrata
स्वरेण विप्र: शैक्षेण त्रील्लॉकाननुनादयन् । उवाच चैन धर्मज्ञ पूर्वमामन्त्रय नामत:
svareṇa vipraḥ śaikṣeṇa trīl lokān anunādayan | uvāca ca enaṃ dharmajñaḥ pūrvam āmantrya nāmataḥ |
Dengan suara yang terlatih menurut śikṣā—intonasi dan aksen yang tepat—brahmana itu menggema ke tiga dunia. Ia terlebih dahulu menyapa sang tahu-dharma dengan menyebut namanya, lalu berkata demikian.
भीष्म उवाच
The verse foregrounds ethical communication: disciplined, correct speech (śikṣā and proper svara) and respectful address (calling by name, approaching properly) are presented as prerequisites for conveying dharma effectively.
Bhishma describes a learned Brahmin whose trained, resonant speech fills the worlds; the Brahmin first addresses a dharma-knowing person by name and then begins his statement, introducing an ensuing instruction or dialogue.