Shloka 29

Umā–Maheśvara-saṃvāda: Varṇa-bhraṃśa, Ācāra (Vṛtta), and Karmic Ascent/Decline

Devanagari script

अग्निरुवाच पादमुद्यम्य यो मर्त्य: स्पृशेद्‌ गाश्न सुदुर्मति: । ब्राह्मणं वा महाभागं दीप्यमानं तथानलम्‌

Transliteration

agnir uvāca pādam udyamya yo martyaḥ spṛśed gāśna sudurmatīḥ | brāhmaṇaṃ vā mahābhāgaṃ dīpyamānaṃ tathānalam ||

Translation

Agni berkata: “Mortal yang berakal jahat, yang mengangkat kakinya untuk menendang seekor sapi—atau yang menyerang seorang brāhmaṇa mulia, menyala oleh wibawa rohani bagaikan api—melakukan pelanggaran yang amat berat.”

Word by Word

• अग्निः: Agni (the Fire-god)
• अग्निः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said/spoke
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect, 3rd, Singular

• पादम्: foot
• पादम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाद
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• उद्यम्य: having lifted/raising
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद्-यम्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)

• यः: who
• यः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• मर्त्यः: a mortal/man
• मर्त्यः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मर्त्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• स्पृशेत्: should touch
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्पृश्
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular

• गाः: cows
• गाः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Plural

• अश्नन्: eating (while eating)
• अश्नन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: अश्
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सुदुर्मतिः: very evil-minded/foolish
• सुदुर्मतिः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुदुर्मति
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ब्राह्मणम्: a Brahmin
• ब्राह्मणम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्राह्मण
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• वा: or
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा

• महाभागम्: highly fortunate/illustrious
• महाभागम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महाभाग
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• दीप्यमानम्: blazing, shining
• दीप्यमानम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीप्यमान
• Form: शानच् (present middle participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• तथा: thus/likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• अनलम्: fire (blazing fire)
• अनलम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनल
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

धर्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Agni
• cow (gāḥ)
• brāhmaṇa