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Shloka 8

Gautama–Śakra Saṃvāda: Karma, Loka-bheda, and the Restoration of the Elephant

कठोर व्रतका पालन करनेवाले महातपस्वी गौतमने उस हाथीका अपहरण होता देख राजा धृतराष्ट्रसे कहा-- ।।

bhīṣma uvāca — mā meḍhārṣī histin putram enaṁ duḥkhāt puṣṭaṁ dhṛtarāṣṭrākṛtajña | maitraṁ satāṁ saptapadaṁ vadanti mitradroho maiva rājan spṛśet tvām ||

“Wahai Dhritarashtra, raja yang tak tahu berterima kasih, jangan bawa pergi gajahku ini—ia bagai putraku. Dengan susah payah aku membesarkannya. Orang bijak berkata, persahabatan terjalin hanya dengan berjalan tujuh langkah bersama; oleh ikatan itu engkau dan aku adalah sahabat. Jika engkau merampas gajahku, dosa pengkhianatan terhadap sahabat akan menyentuhmu. Wahai Raja, berusahalah agar cela itu tidak menimpamu.”

माdo not
मा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा
मेof me / my
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
इहhere
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
हस्तिन्O elephant (address)
हस्तिन्:
TypeNoun
Rootहस्तिन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
पुत्रम्son
पुत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एनम्this (him)
एनम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दुःखात्from hardship / with difficulty
दुःखात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
पुष्टम्nourished, reared
पुष्टम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपुष्ट
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धृतराष्ट्रO Dhṛtarāṣṭra
धृतराष्ट्र:
TypeNoun
Rootधृतराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
अकृतज्ञungrateful
अकृतज्ञ:
TypeAdjective
Rootअकृतज्ञ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
मैत्रम्friendship
मैत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमैत्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सताम्of the good (people)
सताम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसत्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
सप्तपदम्seven steps (together)
सप्तपदम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसप्तपद
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वदन्तिthey say
वदन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootवद्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
मित्रद्रोहःbetrayal of a friend
मित्रद्रोहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमित्रद्रोह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
माmay not / do not
मा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
स्पृशेत्may touch / may affect
स्पृशेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootस्पृश्
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
त्वाम्you
त्वाम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
G
Gautama (mahātapasvī)
D
Dhritarashtra
E
elephant (hastin)

Educational Q&A

The verse warns that taking what belongs to a friend—especially after receiving goodwill—constitutes mitradroha (betrayal of friendship). It emphasizes gratitude (kṛtajñatā) and the ethical duty of a king to avoid actions that incur moral fault.

The ascetic Gautama sees his elephant being seized and addresses King Dhritarashtra, pleading that the elephant is like his son, raised with hardship. He invokes the traditional idea that even seven steps together establish friendship, and cautions the king that confiscating the elephant would be a sinful breach of that bond.