Shloka 90

Santaptaka’s Encounter with Five Pretas and Their Liberation through Viṣṇu’s Presence

प्रेता ऊचुः / वेदमार्गानुसरणं लज्जा धर्मो दमः क्षमा / धृतिर्ज्ञानं नैव यत्र वयं तत्र वसामहे

pretā ūcuḥ / vedamārgānusaraṇaṃ lajjā dharmo damaḥ kṣamā / dhṛtirjñānaṃ naiva yatra vayaṃ tatra vasāmahe

Para preta berkata: 'Di mana tidak ada pengikutan jalan Weda—tidak ada kesopanan, tidak ada kebenaran, tidak ada pengendalian diri, tidak ada pengampunan, tidak ada keteguhan, dan tidak ada pengetahuan sejati—di sanalah kami tinggal.'

प्रेताःthe pretas
प्रेताः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रेत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
ऊचुःsaid
ऊचुः:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
वेद-मार्ग-अनुसरणम्following the Vedic path
वेद-मार्ग-अनुसरणम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवेद (प्रातिपदिक) + मार्ग (प्रातिपदिक) + अनुसरण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (वेदस्य मार्गः; तस्य अनुसरणम्)
लज्जाmodesty
लज्जा:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootलज्जा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
धर्मःrighteousness
धर्मः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
दमःself-control
दमः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootदम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
क्षमाforbearance
क्षमा:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootक्षमा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
धृतिःsteadfastness
धृतिः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootधृति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
ज्ञानम्knowledge
ज्ञानम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
not
:
Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थ अव्यय (negation)
एवindeed/at all
एव:
Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारणार्थ अव्यय (particle: 'indeed/only')
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र (अव्यय)
Formदेश/सम्बन्धार्थ अव्यय (relative adverb: 'where')
वयम्we
वयम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र (अव्यय)
Formदेशार्थ अव्यय (correlative adverb: 'there')
वसामहेwe dwell
वसामहे:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवस् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), उत्तम-पुरुष (1st person), बहुवचन; आत्मनेपद

Pretas (departed spirits)

Afterlife Stage: Pretayoni

Concept: Preta-affliction is associated with the absence of Vedic conduct and core virtues (lज्जा, धर्म, दम, क्षमा, धृति, ज्ञान).

Vedantic Theme: Sattva vs tamas: loss of sattvic virtues invites tamasic suffering and disorder; knowledge and restraint protect the mind-field.

Application: Cultivate modesty, self-control, forgiveness, steadiness, and scriptural alignment; maintain a sattvic household routine.

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: bibhatsa

Type: dwelling/settlement

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa: lists of dharmic qualities and causes of preta-doṣa (contextual parallel)

P
Pretas
V
Vedas

FAQs

This verse states that pretas “dwell” where Vedic conduct is absent, implying that adherence to Vedic ethics and discipline protects one from falling into preta-like conditions associated with spiritual and moral darkness.

It portrays pretas as gravitating to places (and by extension, lives) lacking shame/modesty, dharma, self-control, forgiveness, steadfastness, and true knowledge—i.e., environments of ethical collapse.

Cultivate restraint (dama), forgiveness (kṣamā), steady character (dhṛti), and discernment (jñāna), and live by dharma—creating a life and home environment aligned with the “Vedic path” rather than moral negligence.