Shloka 120

Dharma–Adharma Marks; Daśāha, Piṇḍa Formation, Śrāddha Calendar, Śayyā-dāna, and Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa Rules

Devanagari script

अन्वष्टकासु यच्छ्राद्ध यच्छ्राद्धं वृद्धिहेतुकम् / पितुः पृथक् प्रदाव्यं स्त्रियाः पिण्डं सपिण्डने

Transliteration

anvaṣṭakāsu yacchrāddha yacchrāddhaṃ vṛddhihetukam / pituḥ pṛthak pradāvyaṃ striyāḥ piṇḍaṃ sapiṇḍane

Translation

Śrāddha yang dilakukan pada hari Anvaṣṭakā dan śrāddha demi pertumbuhan serta kemakmuran—pada saat sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, piṇḍa bagi seorang wanita hendaknya dipersembahkan terpisah dari piṇḍa sang ayah.

Word by Word

• अन्वष्टकासु: on the anvaṣṭakā days
• अन्वष्टकासु: अधिकरण (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्वष्टका (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचन

• यत्: which
• यत्: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; सम्बन्धवाचक (relative)

• श्राद्धम्: śrāddha
• श्राद्धम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• यत्: which
• यत्: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; सम्बन्धवाचक

• श्राद्धम्: śrāddha
• श्राद्धम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• वृद्धिहेतुकम्: causing increase/prosperity
• वृद्धिहेतुकम्: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वृद्धि-हेतुक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (वृद्धेः हेतुः)

• पितुः: of the father
• पितुः: सम्बन्ध (Possessor/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive), एकवचन

• पृथक्: separately
• पृथक्: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पृथक् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

• प्रदाव्यम्: should be given
• प्रदाव्यम्: विधेय (Obligation predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-दा (धातु) + तव्यत् (कृदन्त)
• Form: तव्यत्-प्रत्ययान्त (gerundive/obligative), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; अर्थः ‘प्रदातव्यम्’

• स्त्रियाः: of the woman
• स्त्रियाः: सम्बन्ध (Possessor/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्त्री (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive), एकवचन

• पिण्डम्: rice-ball offering (piṇḍa)
• पिण्डम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पिण्ड (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन

• सपिण्डने: in the sapiṇḍana (sapiṇḍīkaraṇa)
• सपिण्डने: अधिकरण (Context/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सपिण्डन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Sapindana

Beneficiary: Strī-pitṛ relation (woman as recipient) distinct from father’s line

Timing: During sapiṇḍīkaraṇa; also references Anvaṣṭakā and vṛddhi-śrāddha contexts

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Distinct relational identities in ancestral rites must be preserved; offerings (piṇḍa) are not interchangeable even within close kinship.

Vedantic Theme: Dharma as discriminative order (viveka) in action; karma’s fruits depend on correct intention and correct recipient (saṅkalpa + adhikāra).

Application: During sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, offer the woman’s piṇḍa separately from the father’s; do not merge offerings across categories even on special śrāddha days.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: śrāddha-vedī/altar (implied)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 2.34.121-122 on grouping of relatives in sapiṇḍīkaraṇa

Characters & Entities

• Pitris

FAQs

What is the importance of offering a separate piṇḍa for a woman in sapiṇḍīkaraṇa?

This verse instructs that during sapiṇḍīkaraṇa the woman’s piṇḍa should not be merged with the father’s offering; it is given separately, indicating a distinct ritual handling in ancestral integration rites.

How does this verse relate to Garuda Purana guidance on post-death rites?

In the Preta Kanda context, Śrāddha and piṇḍa-dāna are presented as structured rites that support the departed’s transition and formal connection with the pitṛs; this verse specifies a procedural rule within that framework.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

When performing Śrāddha—especially sapiṇḍīkaraṇa—follow tradition-specific procedure and consult a competent priest: this verse emphasizes careful, role-specific offerings rather than performing rites in a mixed or casual manner.