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Garuda Purana — Preta Kalpa, Shloka 22

Sapindīkaraṇa: Timing, Eligibility, Gotra Rules, and Yearlong Śrāddha

with Vṛṣotsarga and Ghaṭa-dāna

Devanagari script

आसुरादिविवा हेषु या व्यूढा कन्यका भवेत् / तस्यास्तु पितृगोत्रेण कुर्यात्पिण्डोदकक्रियाः

Transliteration

āsurādivivā heṣu yā vyūḍhā kanyakā bhavet / tasyāstu pitṛgotreṇa kuryātpiṇḍodakakriyāḥ

Translation

Jika seorang gadis dinikahkan melalui bentuk pernikahan seperti āsura dan sejenisnya, maka upacara piṇḍa serta persembahan air (udaka) baginya hendaknya dilakukan menurut gotra ayahnya.

Word by Word
आसुरादिविवाहेषुin āsura etc. marriages
आसुरादिविवाहेषु:
Adhikaraṇa (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootआसुर (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक) + विवाह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), बहुवचन; ‘आसुरादि-विवाह’ = आसुर-आदि-प्रकारेषु विवाहेषु (tatpuruṣa)
याwho
या:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
व्यूढाmarried
व्यूढा:
Karta (Subject complement/कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootवि + √वह् (धातु)
Formक्त (past passive participle), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘व्यूढा’ = married/taken in marriage
कन्यकाmaiden; girl
कन्यका:
Karta (Apposition/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकन्यका (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
भवेत्should be; may become
भवेत्:
Kriyā (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√भू (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
तस्याःof her
तस्याः:
Sambandha (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन
तुbut; indeed
तु:
Sambandha (Discourse particle/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (contrast/emphasis)
पितृगोत्रेणby/according to the father’s lineage (gotra)
पितृगोत्रेण:
Karaṇa (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक) + गोत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग ‘गोत्र’, तृतीया, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः—‘पितुः गोत्रेण’
कुर्यात्should perform
कुर्यात्:
Kriyā (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√कृ (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
पिण्डोदकक्रियाःpiṇḍa-and-water rites
पिण्डोदकक्रियाः:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपिण्ड (प्रातिपदिक) + उदक (प्रातिपदिक) + क्रिया (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष-समासः (समाहार)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Shraddha Ritual

Ritual Type: Parvana

Beneficiary: Mata

Timing: When performing piṇḍa-udaka rites for a woman whose marriage is classified as āsura (etc.) per the tradition.

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: For marriages like āsura and similar forms, piṇḍa and water rites for the woman are to be done under her father’s gotra.

Vedantic Theme: Ethical quality of social acts (vivāha) conditions subsequent dharmic procedures; karma operates through social-ritual structures.

Application: When the marriage form is classified as āsura (etc.) in the tradition being followed, perform śrāddha identification using the pitṛ-gotra for the woman.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bibhatsa

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 2.26.21 contrasting approved marriages and husband-gotra usage; Garuda Purana śrāddha eligibility discussions around gotra and sankalpa

Characters & Entities
V
Vishnu
G
Garuda
P
Pitris
G
Gotra

FAQs

This verse assigns ritual responsibility for piṇḍa and udaka offerings based on lineage: in certain marriage-types, the woman’s post-death rites are to be carried out through her father’s gotra, emphasizing gotra-based eligibility in śrāddha practice.

It states that when a maiden is married via Āsura-type (and similar) marriages, the performance of piṇḍa-dāna and water offerings is linked to her paternal lineage rather than shifting entirely to the husband’s side.

When arranging śrāddha, piṇḍa-dāna, or annual tithi rites, families should consult learned priests and confirm lineage rules (gotra/relationship) so that offerings are made by the proper eligible kin as per dharma.

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