Shloka 10

Bhadrā and Mitravindā: The Fruits of Namaskāra, Pradakṣiṇā, Hari-nāma, and Śravaṇa of Bhāgavata Kathā

तेषां जिह्वा यमलोके यमस्तु निष्कास्य पिष्टं प्रकरोति नित्यम् / काशीनिवासेन च किं प्रयोजनं किं वा प्रयागे मरणेन तात

teṣāṃ jihvā yamaloke yamastu niṣkāsya piṣṭaṃ prakaroti nityam / kāśīnivāsena ca kiṃ prayojanaṃ kiṃ vā prayāge maraṇena tāta

Di alam Yama, Yama menarik lidah mereka dan terus-menerus menggilingnya. Jadi apa gunanya tinggal di Kashi atau mati di Prayaga tanpa pengabdian, wahai saudaraku?

teṣāmof them
teṣām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
jihvātongue
jihvā:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootjihvā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
yama-lokein Yama’s world
yama-loke:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootyama (प्रातिपदिक) + loka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (यमस्य लोकः)
yamaḥYama
yamaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
tuindeed/but
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात
niṣkāsyahaving pulled out
niṣkāsya:
Kriyā (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootnis-kas (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive), ‘having pulled out/expelled’
piṣṭampounded
piṣṭam:
Karma (कर्म/परिणाम)
TypeAdjective
Rootpiṣṭa (कृदन्त; पिष् धातु)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
prakaroticrushes
prakaroti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpra-kṛ (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार, परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
nityamalways
nityam:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnityam (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; कालवाचक
kāśī-nivāsenaby living in Kashi
kāśī-nivāsena:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootkāśī (प्रातिपदिक) + nivāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (काश्यां निवासः)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक
kimwhat?
kim:
Karma (कर्म/विषय)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम
prayojanamuse/benefit
prayojanam:
Karma (कर्म/विधेय)
TypeNoun
Rootprayojana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
kimwhat?
kim:
Karma (कर्म/विषय)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक
or
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; विकल्पार्थक
prayāgein Prayaga
prayāge:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootprayāga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन
maraṇenaby dying/death
maraṇena:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootmaraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
tātaO dear one
tāta:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Roottāta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Afterlife Stage: Naraka

Concept: Tīrtha-vāsa or tīrtha-maraṇa alone is insufficient; without Hari-nāma and devotion, one remains subject to Yama’s punishments.

Vedantic Theme: Inner transformation (antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi) over external conditions; grace accessed through devotion rather than mere geography.

Application: If living/visiting sacred places, pair it with nāma-japa, worship, ethical living; avoid spiritual complacency based on location or ritual prestige.

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Type: realm (Yamaloka) with earthly tīrtha references

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: critique of mere ritualism without devotion (general motif)

Y
Yama
Y
Yama-loka
K
Kashi
P
Prayaga

FAQs

This verse uses a vivid punishment—Yama extracting and grinding the tongue—to stress moral causality: specific sins produce specific consequences, and ritual or location alone cannot erase them.

It implies that after death the soul is judged in Yama-loka according to karma; if burdened by sin, it undergoes retribution regardless of whether one lived in Kāśī or died at Prayāga.

Treat pilgrimage and sacred-place practices as supports—not substitutes—for ethical speech and conduct; cultivate truthfulness and restraint so that outer rites align with inner dharma.