Shloka 40

Jñāna-hetu-nirūpaṇa

On the Causes/Means of Knowledge

सूर्योदये नास्ति यथा तमश्च तथाज्ञानं नास्तिनास्त्येव देव / करोम्यहं श्रवणं सर्वदैव हरिप्रीत्यर्थं निश्चतार्थं सतां हि

sūryodaye nāsti yathā tamaśca tathājñānaṃ nāstināstyeva deva / karomyahaṃ śravaṇaṃ sarvadaiva hariprītyarthaṃ niścatārthaṃ satāṃ hi

Wahai Tuhan! Seperti gelap tidak bertahan saat matahari terbit, demikian pula kebodohan tidak bertahan—bahkan lenyap sepenuhnya. Karena itu, dengan tekad bulat demi menyenangkan Hari, aku senantiasa melakukan śravaṇa (mendengar ajaran suci); inilah jalan yang telah ditetapkan bagi orang saleh.

सूर्य-उदयेat sunrise
सूर्य-उदये:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य (प्रातिपदिक) + उदय (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)
not
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेध-निपात)
अस्तिis
अस्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
यथाjust as
यथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (अव्यय)
FormComparative/illustrative indeclinable (उपमान-अव्यय)
तमःdarkness
तमः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतमस् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चय-निपात)
तथाso, likewise
तथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (क्रियाविशेषण)
अज्ञानम्ignorance
अज्ञानम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
not
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेध-निपात)
अस्तिis
अस्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
not
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेध-निपात)
अस्तिis
अस्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
एवindeed
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (अवधारण-निपात)
देवO god
देव:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)
करोमिI do
करोमि:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), 1st person (उत्तमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
श्रवणम्hearing, listening
श्रवणम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootश्रवण (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
सर्वदाalways
सर्वदा:
Kala (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वदा (अव्यय)
FormAdverb (कालवाचक-अव्यय)
एवindeed
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (अवधारण-निपात)
हरि-प्रीति-अर्थम्for Hari's pleasure
हरि-प्रीति-अर्थम्:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहरि (प्रातिपदिक) + प्रीति (प्रातिपदिक) + अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyayībhāva used adverbially; accusative-form meaning 'for the sake of'
निश्चित-अर्थम्with a settled purpose
निश्चित-अर्थम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootनि + चि (धातु) + अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPast passive participle (क्त) 'निश्चित' qualifying 'अर्थम्'; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
सताम्of the good/saints
सताम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootसत् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग) (or common-gender), Genitive (षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)
हिindeed, for
हि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात)

Garuda (Vinata-putra) addressing Lord Vishnu (Hari)

Concept: Ignorance is dispelled like darkness at sunrise; constant śravaṇa (hearing sacred teachings) undertaken for Hari’s pleasure is the settled path of the good.

Vedantic Theme: Jñāna as prakāśa (illumination) removing avidyā; bhakti-śravaṇa as a direct purifier and stabilizer of realization (niṣṭhā).

Application: Establish a daily discipline of listening/reading śāstra or Hari-kathā, especially at morning/evening; treat it as non-negotiable nourishment for clarity.

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Type: cosmic/temporal threshold

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 3.12.41-42 (aparokṣa removes ajñāna)

H
Hari
D
Deva

FAQs

This verse presents śravaṇa—listening to Hari’s teachings—as a direct means to dispel ajñāna (ignorance), just as sunrise removes darkness, making it a central devotional practice for inner purification.

Preta Kanda focuses on post-death realities and the consequences of karma; this verse highlights the preventative spiritual discipline—devotional hearing of Hari—that removes ignorance, strengthens dharma, and supports a favorable course for the jīva beyond death.

Regularly listen to or study Vishnu-oriented scriptures (Hari-kathā), maintain steady resolve, and align daily actions with devotion—using śravaṇa as a simple, consistent practice to reduce confusion and cultivate ethical clarity.